| With the rapid development of park construction in various places,people have higher requirements for the quality of park green landscapes.Comprehensive parks have a large radiation area and serve more people.The types of plant landscapes are diverse,and they are also an important external window to the city’s image.Therefore,a higher level of plant landscape is particularly important to improve the park landscape quality.As a very artistic form of plant landscaping,flower borders have high aesthetic characteristics and are the protagonist of plant landscapes.They can well satisfy people’s visual perception and have been widely used in parks.However,most of the current construction of flower border landscapes in parks focuses on short-term effects,park landscape has problems such as convergence,lack of regional characteristics,and poor viewing effects,which have seriously affected the ornamental value of flower border landscapes and lowered the level of park plant landscape quality.Therefore,how to discuss the construction of park flower border plant landscape from an aesthetic point of view is also a topic worthy of attention.This paper takes the flower border landscape of the comprehensive park as the research object,guided by the basic theories of garden aesthetics,garden botany,aesthetic psychology,etc,combined with the actual research,25 flower landscape samples were selected as the research object,and has a research on the characteristics,ornamental forms,types and preferences of plants.Based on the combination of theory and reality,the main characteristic factors that affect the aesthetic quality of the flower border landscape are selected,and used analytic hierarchy process to construct the aesthetic evaluation system of the flower border landscape.Making the current landscape quality level evaluate,summarized and analyzed the quality level of the flower border landscape types.In addition,the sample impact factor scores are analyzed and compared,based on the evaluation and investigation results,an optimization strategy for the park’s flower landscape is proposed,in order to provide some ideas and references for improving the quality of the park’s flower landscape.The main research results are as follows:(1)Flower border plant characteristics: here are 148 species of flower border plants used in the park,belonging to 66 families and 129 genera.Among them,Compositae(14 species),Gramineae(10 species),Liliaceae(8 species),Rosaceae(7species),Labiatae and Verbenaceae(6 species each)are mainly used.Perennial grass flowers and flowering shrubs account for the highest proportion.ornamental grasses and other types of plants are obviously underused,and the plant life forms are not rich enough,the ornamental characteristics of plants are mainly ornamental flowers,leaves and fruits,and the combination of evergreen and deciduous leaves.Evergreen plants are widely used in the flower border,and the seasonal changes are not obvious.the use of the flower border plants in the same park is relatively single,lack of uniqueness.The effect of plant growth is good,and there is still a lot of room for development in the use of native plants.(2)The form characteristics of the flower border landscape: The important factors affecting the aesthetic performance of the flower borders including the beauty of the combination of plants,the beauty of color harmony,the beauty of artistic composition,the beauty of the landscape space,the beauty of the seasons,the sense of density,the cleanliness,the beauty of perception and the coordination with the environment,etc.The research and summary shows that the problems in the form of the park flower borders are the insufficient use of overall colors,the lack of seasonal changes and landscape levels in the landscape,poor regional characteristics of some flower borders and recognition,lack of creative expression.The types of flower borders in the park are divided according to road space,forest edge lawn space,node landscape space,architectural space,water space,etc.The configuration mode is perennial grass flowers + flowering shrubs,one or two year grass flowers + perennial grass flowers +flowering shrubs + ornamental Grass,perennial grass flowers + flowering shrubs + trees are used more.The preference survey found that park visitors preferred the visual beauty of the flower border the most,and they liked the flower border plants with bright flowers and leaves.(3)This article mainly discusses the aesthetic quality of flower borders,and constructs a standard layer based on the beauty of plant characteristics,the beauty of landscape form,and the beauty of subjective perception,there are 15 indicators as the indicator layer of Aesthetics evaluation system of flower border landscape,and an expert index weighting questionnaire was developed to score the weights of the factors at each level,and calculate with the results of each assignment.Finally,the weight value of the final index was obtained.In the weight value of the criterion level,the landscape form beauty>plant Characteristic beauty>subjective perception beauty;in the index layer,the indicators with the highest weight value include the combined ornamental nature of the landscape,the use of plant colors,the suitability of plants,the overall art of the landscape,the diversity of species,the degree of coordination between the landscape with and environment.These are are the key factors to improve the aesthetic quality of the flower border landscape.(4)Set the comprehensive quality grading and evaluation level of the flower border,and calculate the scores of each index.The result shows that there are 5 sample points of grade I,16 of II and 4 of III,indicating that the overall level of flower border landscapes in Chongqing’s comprehensive parks is in the upper-middle level,but there are not many excellent flower borders,and some flower borders still need to be improved.According to the actual research and evaluation results,an optimization strategy was proposed: at the level of plant characteristics,rationally increase plant species and enrich the composition of plant types;strengthen the excavation and use of native plants,and recommend the use of plants.At the level of the beauty of landscape form,strengthen the application of color principles to enrich the color changes of the landscape;enrich the seasonal changes of the flower landscape and rationally construct the landscape space;strengthen the artistic composition techniques to enhance the beauty of the landscape form;rationally arrange plants to show natural agility.At the level of subjective perception,create a stay space around the flower landscape;create a distinctive landmark landscape.puts forward optimization strategies combined with the problems existing in each level of indicators,and selects all kinds of plots with low scores in the evaluation to optimize the landscape design,which is maximum combined with practice.it can be used as a reference for in-depth study of park flower border landscape. |
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