Study On Planning And Operation Optimization Of Bus Charging Station Considering Temporal And Spatial Characteristics

With the shortage of traditional resources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution,people pay more and more attention to the use of low-carbon energy and the reduction of carbon emissions.As a major energy production and consumption country,China has also been committed to energy transition and reducing carbon emissions.As a new energy transportation,electric vehicles have the advantages of low emissions,zero pollution and low noise,and are conducive to improving air quality and environmental pollution,so they are considered as one of the solving schemes to reduce carbon emissions and petroleum dependence in China.In addition,the rational use of electric vehicles can smooth the power fluctuations of photovoltaic and wind power,promote the absorption of renewable energy,and can also be used as mobile generators in emergency situations to provide power to critical loads through V2 G technology.Urban buses are an important means of public transportation.Reasonable location of charging stations and determination of the number of charging facilities are playing an increasingly important role in the process of bus network electrification.With the increasing electrification rate of buses,the impact of electric buses charging on the safe and stable operation of the power grid cannot be ignored.Therefore,after the completion of the planning and construction of charging stations,how to guide the coordinated charging of vehicles to reduce the charging cost and the impact on the power grid has also attracted the attention of scholars.This paper analyzes the operation rules of electric buses,studies the planning and construction of charging infrastructure,and proposes a reasonable and orderly charging control strategies to optimize the operation of charging infrastructure.Firstly,the current domestic and foreign research literature on electric buses charging infrastructure planning and coordinate charging control strategy is described.And introduces the current classification of electric vehicles,charging methods and influencing factors of fastcharging station planning.Secondly,according to the bus operation scheduling plan,the temporal and spatial characteristics of the bus are obtained and based on this,the simulation model of the electric bus is proposed to obtain the charging demand of the electric buses.And then the goal is to minimize the sum of the fast-charging station equipment and engineering installation costs,the construction costs of distribution lines,the operation maintenance cost of charging station,the travel cost of the electric bus to and from the charging stations,and the cost of network loss.Combining with the constraints of bus operation dispatching and safe operation of the power grid,the affinity propagation algorithm is used to cluster the bus terminal stations to obtain the number of charging stations that need to be built initially,and then the binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to determine the deployment of fast-charging stations and number of configuration devices.In order to prove the econnomy and effectiveness of the planning model,the planning model was applied to the actual public transport system of a coastal city in South China.The numerical results show that the model can effectively optimize the placement of charging stations required for the electrification of urban bus networks.Then,based on the study of the operation rules of electric bus fast-charging station,this paper proposes a two-layer optimal coordinate charging control strategy model,and uses binary particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the strategy model.The upper-layer model is based on the time-of-use price.From the perspective of operators,it aims at the lowest charging cost of electric buses.And the lower-layer model considers that relying only on timeof-use price may cause new load peak,so it aims to minimize the peak-to-valley difference of charging load based on the optimization results of the upper-layer model.The numerical results show that the model can effectively reduce the charging cost of electric bus and disperse the new peak of charging load caused by the dependence on time-of-use price.Finally,the paper summarizes the innovation points and shortcomings of the research on the planning and operation optimization of electric bus fast-charging station,and points out the direction of future research.