Research On Area-based Urban Traffic Congestion Charging Dividing Time Periods

According to the report,more than three-fifths of China’s 360 cities were unblocked during peak hours in 2019.The average daily traffic jam time of light congestion and above in Beijing in 2019 is 6 hours and 10 minutes.Urban traffic congestion not only leads to extra time consumption,but also leads to extra fuel consumption,environmental pollution and traffic accident losses.Studies have shown that congestion pricing can effectively reduce congestion.Singapore,London,Gothenburg already had many years of charging experience,the longest reached 46 years,For developed countries,charging measures to control congestion are more successful.They often use cordon-based or area-based charging which is less frequent and more convenient.According to the existing studies,the fee is always fixed,while the road congestion situation is not unchanged in different time periods,so the fixed toll is not practical.Congestion pricing studies often focus on social welfare and neglect fairness.In order to avoid the limitation of fixed fee and enhance the implementation of charging,the research problem is determined as follows: for any city that is often in a state of congestion,putting forward a universal area-based congestion charging in different time from the perspective of traffic managers.Taking area-based congestion charging dividing time periods as the research problem,considering the transportation mode and path choice,the spatial equity and social welfare objectives are taken into account under the condition of SUE,and the fee dividing time periods is set to distribute traffic to alleviate congestion,so as to provide a new research idea of suboptimal pricing.Combined with the purpose of the study,the charging targets are proposed as social welfare,spatial equity and SUE,and the basic elements are determined to include four.It is determined that the charging object is car travelers,and the area-based charging method in different time will be adopted from 7 to 19 on weekdays.To determine the fee,the road characteristics and traveler characteristics that influence congestion pricing are analyzed.Then,the conditional Logit model about transportation mode selection is established through questionnaire survey,and the demand function of travelers’ traffic volume is determined based on it.It is proved that the congestion charging has little influence on the choice of travel mode.The goals of spatial equity and social welfare are considered under SUE based on trip chain.According to the existing researches,a fixed fee model was established by using the bi-level programming,and the optimization method was used to verify the model.Based on the response of travel demand in different time periods to the generalized cost,a model whose fee is dividing time periods was established.Through an example,we get the change of travelers under the fixed fee and the fee dividing time periods,which proves the feasibility of the charging model.Compared with the travelers under the fixed fee,the rate decreases by 2.12% under the fee dividing time periods.It is concluded that the fee dividing time periods can play a certain role in reducing travel.The trip chain travelers charged the fee dividing time periods is reduced by 48.04% compared with potential travelers,which proves that the fee dividing time periods can play a role in encouraging people to reduce the travel in the charging area.Compared with the travelers under the fixed fee,the travelers in the morning peak periods decreased by 3.63% in the charging area,indicating that the effect of the time-dividing charge on reducing the morning peak travel is stronger in the charging area.The share of morning peak travel decreased by 0.26 percent under the time-dividing fee,indicating that the fee dividing time periods can reduce the proportion of morning peak travel to a certain extent.