Research On TOD Mode Of Urban Rail Transit Based On The Perspective Of Fairness

In recent years,theTOD model guided by urban rail transit is being vigorously implemented in many cities in my country.my country’s academic research and policy practice on theTOD model are usually associated with intensive and efficient elements such as maximizing the use of public transportation,high-density,compact and diversified mixed use of land,and joint development of rail properties,and seldom considers the issue of social equity.However,matureTOD models in some typical foreign cities have seen rising housing prices,lower housing affordability for low-and middle-income families,and forced evictions.The uneven distribution of TOD regions in Shenzhen,Guangzhou and other places in my country has also appeared.The fairness of theTOD model should be given full attention.This article follows a question-oriented research approach,and through the comparison and observation of the similarities and differences between domestic and foreign TOD models,attempts to introduce the concept of foreign fairness TOD(eTOD)into my country’s TOD model,and answers "How fairness affects theTOD model of urban rail transit? Resource allocation?” This core issue.This article follows the logical main line of "Value-Assessment-Experience-Strategy",and respectively answers the importance,necessity,feasibility and policy measures of considering the fairness dimension in the resource allocation of TOD model.First of all,this article comprehensively uses the basic theories of transportation economics,the location theory of public facilities,the theory of urban space mismatch and sustainable urban development and other economic theory methods to explore the economic value(importance)of the development of the eTOD model;City as an example,using methods such as multi-level nested regression and spatial fairness index to quantitatively evaluate the housing gentrification and spatial fairness of Beijing’s TOD model,and to measure the degree of fairness(necessity)of Beijing’s TOD model;again,by reviewing the United States Based on the mature development experience of eTOD model in typical cities and Shenzhen and other places in China,summarize the strategies and methods(feasibility)for developing eTOD model;finally,based on the empirical results and borrowing from mature experience,we will develop eTOD in combination with the actual development of Beijing.The model proposes improvements(policy measures).This paper draws the following main conclusions:(1)The eTOD model conforms to the location selection method of public facilities based on the perspective of welfare maximization theory.It can ensure transportation efficiency while taking into account the needs of the social economic system for transportation fairness,and at the same time alleviate work-housing.The mismatch of space and contribute to the sustainable development of economy,environment and society;(2)To a large extent,Beijing’s TOD area has already produced housing gentrification.While housing prices are rising,the low-and middle-income groups are also forced to move.from.In addition,there is a significant difference in the spatial accessibility of the basic service facilities between theTOD area and the affordable housing area.The difference between the average location entropy of the two to reach the 8 types of POI service facilities is 0.4445,and the public service infrastructure has the most unfair spatial distribution.Its fairness index is as high as 32.24%;(3)In the development of eTOD models,some cities in the United States put forward incentive measures and statutory requirements including floor area ratio incentives,parking allocation management,tax incremental financing,and inclusive zoning,which are quite innovative.The innovative model of "track +property + affordable housing" formed in Shenzhen,and the combination of "competitive land price" and "competitive affordable housing ratio" as the conditions for land acquisition and other concepts have played a "demonstration leading" role for the development of China’s eTOD model.Based on the above research and analysis,this article puts forward six policy recommendations for the development of Beijing’s eTOD model:(1)Integrate the concept of fairness into theTOD model policy system;(2)Build an eTOD model database and index evaluation system;(3)Try to build affordable housing in community-level residential TOD areas;(4)Implement floor area ratio rewards to increaseTOD Regional affordable housing supply;(5)Implement parking management measures with upper limit control in theTOD area;(6)Expand diversified financing channels to achieve a balance of funds in the eTOD model.