Research On Urban Distribution Route Optimization Of Electric Logistics Vehicles Based On Charging And Swapping Mode

With the rapid development of Chinese economy,the problems of urban traffic and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent.In recent years,the rapid development of urban distribution has attracted attention to green and sustainable urban logistics distribution,and electric logistics vehicles have emerged at the moment..The application of electric vehicles to urban logistics distribution still faces many problems.For example,due to the short range,the distribution process may require charging in some time;Long charging time may cause reduction of customer satisfaction;Under such circumstances,this paper based on two ways of Electric vehicle supplyment:Fast Charging and Batteries Swapping,to establish the EVFR(Electric Verhicle with Fast Recharging)and EVBS(Electric Verhicle with Swapping)model of electric vehicles.Comparative analysis of two kinds of mileage vehicle distribution costs and supply mode of enterprise organization form,for the urban distribution companies to provide an operating train of thought and reference value.The main content of this paper is as follows:(1)The basic theories of electric logistics vehicles,VRP problems and queuing theory problems are sorted out.Based on the field investigation to understand the current development level of electric logistics vehicles and the supporting conditions of power supply facilities,combined with the urban distribution characteristics and application environment of electric logistics vehicles in China,the queuing theory is applied to the EVRP problem,which provides a basis for the model construction of this paper.(2)Construct a mathematical model for urban distribution of electric logistics vehicles based on the charging and swapping mode.The model considers vehicle costs,driver labor costs,driving energy-consumption costs,and time window penalty costs.At the same time,time window constraints and queuing theory are considered in the model.The total cost of distribution is minimized as the objective function to establish the mathematical model of EVFR and EVBS,The validity of the model is verified by constructing small-scale data sets.(3)Algorithm design.Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of heuristic algorithm and precise algorithm,genetic algorithm is chosen to solve the model in this paper.The initial distribution scheme was obtained based on the scanning algorithm.Combined with the remaining SOC of the vehicle,it was inserted into the charging and changing station.The three-dimensional hybrid coding of the chromosome was carried out and the genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimal distribution scheme.(4)Example verification of EVBS and EVFR models.This article takes Company A in Beijing as an example,and introduces data related to Company A’s existing customer base distribution and time window requirements,the number and types of electric logistics vehicles,the scale of the distribution center,and service capabilities into the model,and then obtains two power replenishment methods.According to the vehicle operation organization method,customer satisfaction,enterprise distribution cost and other indicators,the most suitable power supply method for company A’s electric logistics vehicle is obtained;and the sensitivity analysis of the charging rate,battery capacity and other factors is used to further grasp the different supplements.The results will promote the development and promotion of electric logistics vehicles in urban distribution.There are 34 figures,36 tables and 72 references in this paper.