Research On Transportation Efficiency And Influencing Factors Of Typical Urban Rail Transit In China

As an important part of public transportation,urban rail transit has the advantages of large capacity,fast speed,safety and punctuality.It plays a pivotal role in alleviating urban traffic congestion and improving public transportation service levels.After the 21 st century,the rapid development of urban rail transit in China has gradually become the green public transportation mode of choice for residents of large and medium-sized cities when traveling.However,urban rail transit projects generally have huge investments and long payback periods.Therefore,how to better operate the urban rail transit system to make full use of its transportation advantages is a problem worthy of our consideration and in-depth exploration.Existing research on the efficiency of urban rail transit usually involves the horizontal or vertical evaluation of the efficiency at the national or city level,while there are relatively few studies using panel data for comparison.In addition,the research on the influencing factors of urban rail transit efficiency is relatively limited.Consequently,this paper combines the window analysis panel data model to measure and compare the transportation efficiency of China’s typical urban rail transit,and constructs an index system from multiple angles to explore the influencing factors of transportation efficiency,which has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the development status of China’s urban rail transit system,combined with the availability of data and the intertemporal consistency of the samples,this paper selects19 cities as typical cities,and uses indicator data from 2014 to 2019 as the interval for empirical analysis.To begin with,the input and output index system of the urban rail transit system is constructed,and the super-efficiency window SBM model is used to measure the rail transit efficiency of typical cities.After that,this paper obtains the horizontal and vertical comparable efficiency values,and then the measurement results and its decomposition characteristics,as well as the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of transportation efficiency are analyzed.What’s more,in order to explore the main reasons for the efficiency gap between different urban rail transit systems,this article starts from the relevant literature on the factors affecting transportation efficiency and sorts out five influencing factors: economy,population,road traffic,urban rail transit network and transportation services.Moreover,the PLS-SEM model and path assumptions are constructed,and the results of efficiency measurement are used to conduct exploratory empirical analysis of influencing factors.The main research conclusions are as follows: First,the measurement results of transportation efficiency indicate that the transportation efficiency of typical urban rail transit in China from 2014 to 2019 shows an overall upward trend,but there is still a large gap from the production frontier.Second,from the perspective of the decomposition characteristics of the measurement results,the increase in transportation efficiency is driven by the increase in scale efficiency,while the overall low level is caused by the low level of pure technical efficiency.The average transportation efficiency of urban rail transit systems varies significantly.Due to the low pure technical efficiency of some old rail transit systems and the insufficient scale efficiency of the new rail transit system,the overall efficiency of some systems is low.Third,from the perspective of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the measurement results,there is a large gap in the efficiency of urban rail transit systems of different scales,which is reflected in the super big cities> mega cities> big cities.The types of efficiency evolution of urban rail transit systems are also different,which can be divided into stable,rising and fluctuating types.Fourth,from the results of driving factors of transportation efficiency,latent variables of economic factors have a significant negative effect on efficiency.Population,urban rail transit network and transportation service factors have a significant positive impact on efficiency.However,the impact of road traffic is not obvious.Based on the above conclusions,this article proposes countermeasures from the following perspectives.The first is the reasonable planning of the network scale and construction sequence,the second is the improvement of the decision-making level of urban rail transit operation and management,the third is the strengthening of the comprehensive service level of urban rail transit,the fourth is the connection between urban rail transit and other road,and the fifth is the integrated development of urban rail transit and other rail transit.These measures aim to attract urban rail transit passenger flow to the greatest extent,provide a reference for the improvement of urban rail transit efficiency in the future,and ultimately promote the sustainable development of the city.