Research On The Design Strategy Of University Campus Central Emergency Shelters From The Perspective Of Multi Objective Decision-Making Site Selection And Environmental Factor Optimization

China has experienced a high incidence of disasters since ancient times,and the rapid development of urbanization in recent years has brought a more severe test to urban safety issues.In order to adapt to complex urban safety issues,the Chinese government has taken a number of measures,such as promulgating laws and regulations,integrating the functions of government departments and financial subsidies to optimize disaster prevention and mitigation work and improve the level of urban safety.But overall,there is still a big gap between the ability and demand to withstand disasters and prevent risks in dealing with increasingly severe security issues.The implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation relies on the construction of facility system.Among them,the optimization of emergency shelter is the primary measure to promote the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation facilities system.Emergency shelters are mainly built on urban public spaces,which is an important carrier to provide public safety services in case of disaster.At present,domestic and foreign researches focus on the site selection,park and square type design strategy of emergency shelters,and have accumulated more experience.It is generally believed that a university campus is an important spatial node in a city and has the basic conditions for building a central emergency shelter.The internal environment of a university campus is more complex than other public spaces,so the existing research results and technical methods cannot be fully applied to the design of such shelters.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on university campus central emergency shelters to clarify the characteristics,demands,as well as the corresponding design strategies and methods.So as to propose optimization strategies for similar built shelters,and effectively guide the planning shelters.University campus central emergency shelters need to balance the relationship between“subject space(university campus)” and “object functions(emergency shelters)”.In other words,how do university campus fulfill the evacuation function? And how to minimize the interference of the shelters function construction on the existing spatial form and use function?To this end,this article has conducted literature and case studies.It is concluded that,from the perspective of "multi objective decision-making for shelters sites selection ",based on "integration for normal and disaster time" and "system simulation" to optimize environmental elements is the key content to balance the relationship.The first is shelter site selection on university.There are multiple needs for users and managers,which can be summarized as a collection of "recognizable,reachable,and controllable".Based on the "multi objective",this paper constructs the hierarchical structure of the site selection model by combing the specifications.Furthermore,using the analytic hierarchy process to assign factor ratios,the "multi objective decision-making site selection model" is obtained.Secondly,this article cites cases of central emergency shelters in Guangzhou.With the goal of " integration for normal and disaster time ",the design strategy of "boundary and emergency evacuation network,site space layout,disaster prevention area,identification system" and other elements are summarized.Finally,this article hopes to discuss the feasibility and methods of applying system simulation to such shelters.Through the use of Anylogic,a simulation experiment of emergency evacuation was carried out on the campus of South China University of Technology.This simulation experiment tested the emergency evacuation capability of the university campus central emergency shelters.Through analysis,the author gave suggestions on the shelter ’s site selection,optimization strategies for environmental element,and emergency evacuation plans,etc.After verification,the optimization strategy and emergency management suggestions put forward in the article have obvious benefits for improving emergency evacuation on South China University of Technology.