Research On The Fa(?)ade Design Of Block Residential Buildings

With the continuous improvement of urbanization rate over the past decades,a large number of closed residential quarters have been built in various parts of China.This type of neighborhood is dominated by row and dotted high-rise,with huge scale and broken street interface,which is obviously alienated from the urban public environment and has a negative impact on place-making.In 2016,the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening Urban Planning and Construction Management" clearly put forward the planning advocacy of "open settlements",and how to design and renovate neighborhood-style settlements became an important issue.Italian cities have a long tradition of block-style housing design.This paper takes the post-war middle-class residences in Turin,Italy as the research object.They were built in the era of rapid urbanization,with a large number,high design quality,beautiful image,rigorous interface,rich formats,and pleasant scale,complementing the urban environment and reflecting people’s pursuit of a good living environment,which is an excellent reference for the design of Chinese neighborhood-style housing.Facade is an important part of block-type residential design.It is not only the carrier of residential visual image,which gives people the most intuitive visual aesthetic enjoyment,but also the background of urban space,enclosing public space and constituting an important part of public place-making.At the same time,it is also the interface of the interior and exterior space of the residence,bearing all kinds of activities that people interact with the outside world.Based on these three important functions of residential facade,this paper makes an in-depth study of residential facade in Turin.First of all,this paper investigates the development of middle-class collective housing in Turin after World War II,sorts out its historical development context,explores its social influencing factors in terms of the city’s history,residential culture,climate,habits and legal system and analyzes two typical development modes of land: the construction mode of large residential areas and the renovation mode of single residences,as well as the activity experiences of representative real estate companies.Subsequently,focusing on the relationship between residential facade and urban space,this paper studies the surrounding residential buildings in four types of urban space: squares,avenues,streets and intersections,and discusses how the facade of block-type residential buildings complement the urban environment and play an active role in placemaking from three aspects: residential scale,interface transition,and functions and activities.After that,this paper studies the relationship between residential fa(?)ade and residents’ daily lives.It focuses on two interactive forms,residents’ interactions with urban space and their’ interactions with inner courtyard space,and discusses them from three aspects,activity types,scales and atmosphere creation.Furthermore,based on the above analysis and research results,this paper summarizes and refines a complete design method of block-type residential facade from a large number of architectural cases.Specifically,the author first abstracted the residential fa(?)ade elements,discusses their organic organization methods and local spatial treatment and then develops a residential type with a unified plane and fa(?)ade,starting from the fa(?)ade design.At the end,the author takes Aurora Block in Turin as a specific project to practice the design method summarized in the previous chapter,in order to verify the effectiveness of this block-type residential design method based on the facade design.In the design process,the author adopts a coherent design idea from outside to inside "master plan → interface design → residential type design",and truly implements urban analysis into every step of planning and design,making the whole design scheme have a solid urban significance.At the same time,this coherent design scheme also provides experience and reference for China’s block-type residential design.