Research On The Spatiotemporal Impact Of The Built Environment On The Characteristics Of Metropolis Rail Transit School Commuting ——Take Wuhan As An Example

The rapid urbanization process has led to profound changes in the spatial structure of China’s big cities,and the rapid expansion of the scale of construction land and high-speed population flow has caused the construction of public service support facilities in big cities to lag far behind the demand,resulting in an uneven distribution of educational resources and an increase in quantity but not in quality.Some families buy school district houses in order to get better education resources,generating long-distance through-school or even cross-district through-school behavior,which is also an important factor causing parents to use small cars to transport students to and from school.Excessive car use has led to traffic congestion problems and frequent safety accidents.Urban rail transportation is gradually becoming an effective transportation alternative to private cars for school commuting due to its speed,high capacity,frequency,punctuality and comfort.Encouraging students who travel medium to long distance through school to use rail transit not only eases urban traffic and improves safety around primary and secondary schools,but also reduces their dependence on small cars.Therefore,exploring the influence of built environment on rail transit commuting choices is important to increase active commuting by children and to improve rail transit use.In studies related to children’s commuting behavior,there is a lack of research on the differences in children’s choice of subway for commuting trips.In this paper,based on the rail transit swipe card data,the travel chain was constructed to identify the through-school group,and the descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on their through-school characteristics.Taking Wuhan rail transit lines 1,2 and 4 as examples,the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test and stepwise regression were used to identify the significant influencing elements,and the GTWR model was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the significant influencing variables to explore the influence of the built environment on the school commuting characteristics of rail transit.The study found that: the proportion of students taking rail transit for round-trip commuting to school is increasing and the number of students making one-way commutes is decreasing,but parental pick-up and drop-off of children is still relatively common in Wuhan.Similar to commuters,school commuter group trips are highly regular,with morning and evening peaks.The evening peak lasting longer than the morning peak.While the proportion of students making short commute trips is dominant,there are some students make medium to long distance commute trips.With the continuous improvement of rail transit construction,the five typical commuting areas of Huangpu,Zhongjiacun,Chongren,Zhongnan,and Changgang Road were eventually formed in the direction of commuting to school.The results of the non-parametric test show that the station attributes "whether it is a starting station" and "whether it is an interchange station" have a very significant effect on the flow and distance.Based on the stepwise regression,it is found that there are differences in the factors influencing the built environment on the flow and distance.Among them,population density,mixed degree of land use,bus stop density,have a significant positive effect on commuting flow,while road length has a negative effect.Population density,mixed degree of land use,and road length had a significant negative effect on school commuting distance.The coefficients of the stepwise regressions were visualized by GTWR model analysis and showed strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in their distribution.It is the geographical pattern and construction time sequence of Wuhan city that makes the significant elements show temporal heterogeneity and spatial heterogeneity.This paper reveals the changing characteristics of school commuting flow and distance and the factors influencing the built environment.It can assist cities in formulating built environment optimization measures and related policies to enhance the use of rail transit for school-age children,which is of great significance for building child-friendly cities.