Effects Of Different Mechanical Cultivation Modes On Soil Textureas And Rice Yield

Agricultural management measures,especially tillage,play a vital role in crop growth and improvement of soil physicochemical and habitat.Tillage can change soil structure and affect fertility supply.Appropriate tillage and cultivation practices can slow the process of soil degradation and maintain crop yields and ecosystems.In order to explore the influence mechanism of different cultivation modes on soil texture,field experiments were carried out on plowing and rotary tillage,machine transplanting and direct seeding of rice.Testing in yiyang city of hunan province chase lake farm,heilongjiang Harbin daowai district to recognize zengcheng city,guangzhou and south China agricultural university,teaching and research base,conducted two farming and planting form,farming the plough machine(MT),rotary cultivator(RT),the plough machine live live(MD)and rotary cultivator(RD)the study of soil structure.The effects of different cultivation modes on soil physical and chemical characteristics,biological characteristics and rice yield were analyzed.Experiments in the Datong Lake area of Yiyang show that(1)ploughing and rotary tillage are beneficial to reduce the soil bulk density of 0～20cm in the soil before sowing,increase soil porosity and water content,and plowing can also reduce the bulk density of deep soil and improve The deep soil structure creates a good growth environment for the crops;compared with the machine insertion treatment,the live broadcast needs to be ridged and ridged,which makes the early soil become firmer,increases the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer,and reduces the soil porosity.With the increase of time,the soil self-heavy density is enhanced,and the difference of different cultivation modes is reduced in the later period.(2)The effect on soil chemical properties is that ploughing treatment promotes the transformation of deep soil organic matter before sowing and reduces the soil p H value;the live broadcast treatment inhibits the decomposition of early soil organic matter,increases soil p H,and is beneficial to slow down.Soil acidification,and plowing treatment has the most advantage for the accumulation of total nutrients and alkali nitrogen,which is conducive to maintaining soil fertility.(3)The effect on soil microbial population is that ploughing treatment increases the number of microbes in the soil before sowing,and increases the number of soil actinomycetes in the early soil,which reduces soil enzyme activity,while the number of bacteria is expressed as There are fewer live broadcasts.(4)From the perspective of yield,the difference between the effective panicle and the number of grains per panicle became the main factor affecting the yield of early rice under different tillage patterns,and the difference in effective panicle number also became the main factor affecting the yield of late rice.The yield of rice in the two seasons was higher,and the yield of rice obtained by plowing was higher.The linear equation of early rice yield and soil factor was established by stepwise regression analysis.The linear equations of early rice yield and catalase were:Y=798.76-7.27X,R~2=0.79,indicating that the difference in rice yield between different treatments was at least 79%is affected by soil catalase.On this basis,the tillage index is calculated.In this experiment,the range of TI is 0.76～1.According to the measured actual indicators,TI has a positive correlation with rice yield when the value is 0.76～1,Y=348.38X+188.14,R~2=0.78,so TI can be used as the index to quantitatively evaluate soil quality in the reclaimed paddy field in the area where the test site is located.As a basis for selecting the high-yield farming model of early rice,and better evaluating soil quality.The soil cultivation index indicates that the plowing machine has a better live treatment.Experiments in the Daowai District of Harbin show that(1)ploughing and rotary tillage can loosen the soil of the ploughed soil,reduce the soil bulk density,and increase the soil porosity.At the same time,the effect of the ridge and ridge on the soil compaction increases the soil bulk density and reduces Soil porosity.(2)The effect on soil chemical properties is mainly that MT and RT treatment can increase soil total potassium,alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus content,and MT treatment can increase soil organic matter content and promote soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus conversion.It is conducive to the accumulation of total potassium and available potassium in soil.(3)The effect on soil microbial population is that compared with MD and RD treatment,MT and RT treatment increased the number of soil fungi,and MT treatment also increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes,and increased soil urease activity,but Reduced soil catalase and acid phosphatase activity.Experiments in Zengcheng District show that(1)ploughing and rotary tillage are beneficial to reduce the soil bulk density of 0～20cm in soil layer,increase soil porosity and increase soil water content.Compared with machine insertion treatment,the live broadcast treatment increases soil bulk density.,reduce soil porosity and water content.(2)The effect on soil chemical properties is that MD and RD treatment can increase soil organic matter content,promote the conversion of total nitrogen and total potassium in 0～20cm soil,which is beneficial to soil total phosphorus,alkali nitrogen and quick-acting.The accumulation of potassium content,in which MD treatment significantly increased the soil available phosphorus content in 0-20 cm soil layer.(3)The effect on soil microbial population is that MD and RD treatment can increase soil catalase and acid phosphatase activity,but reduce soil urease activity,and MD treatment also increases the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes.