Influencing Factors And Countermeasures Of Forest Land Conversion In Guangdong Province Based On FSC

In 1994,forest certification(also known as timber certification)was formally born as a market mechanism to promote sustainable forest management,and gradually developed worldwide.FSC China National Forest Management Standard 6.9.1 stipulates that natural forest land can not be converted into plantation,nor can natural forest or plantation directly converted from natural forest be converted into non-forest land.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study FSC’s forest land conversion clause for opening up international market and ensuring sustainable development of timber industry.Based on the data of forest resources survey database of Guangdong Province in 1995 and 2016,correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze and evaluate the situation of forest land conversion,the influencing factors of forest land conversion and the risk of forest land conversion in Guangdong Province,and the corresponding strategies of forest land conversion were put forward to provide reference for forest certification and sustainable forest management in Guangdong Province.The main conclusions are as follows:From 1995 to 2016,there were 166,100 hm2 of forest land converted to non-forest land in the whole province,of which Shenzhen had the largest conversion of forest land to non-forest land with an area of 235,000 hm2,accounting for 14.17% of the conversion of forest land to non-forest land in the same period in the whole province,followed by Guangzhou and Meizhou.The smallest proportion of area is Shantou City,with the transformation area of 0.11 million Hm2 and the area of 0.69%.According to the ratio of forest land to non-forest land in 1995,the largest is Shenzhen City,accounting for 25.85%;Guangzhou City,Jieyang City and Foshan City also account for more than 2% of the conversion of forest land to non-forest land,and Zhaoqing City,the smallest is Zhaoqing City,accounting for 0.43%.In the past 20 years,536.1 million Hm2 natural forests were converted into plantations,that is,14.44% of the natural forests in 1995 were converted into plantations.Among them,Shaoguan City has the largest area,with 80.8 million Hm2 natural forest transformed into plantation,accounting for 15.06% of the total area of natural forest transformed into plantation in the same period of the province;Meizhou,Zhaoqing and Heyuan cities also account for more than 10% of the total area of natural forest transformed into plantation in the province.The smallest area is Zhanjiang City,and the transformation area is about 0.47 million hm2,accounting for 0.89% of the total transformation area in the province.From the ratio of natural forest to artificial forest area in 1995,it can be seen that there are two cities in which natural forest is converted into artificial forest,namely Shantou and Foshan,74.4% and 56.96% of natural forest are converted into artificial forest respectively;Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Chaozhou,Zhanjiang,Jieyang and Yunfu are more than 25% of natural forest converted into artificial forest.Heyangjiang City,Qingyuan City,with 9.36% of natural forests turned into plantations,was the least.Through principal component analysis and correlation analysis,the main factors of annual forest land conversion rate are resident population,population density,urbanization rate,Gross Regional product,gross forestry product,gross forestry product to GDP ratio,per capita forest land area,proportion of forest land to the whole province,and forest land area.Through these nine factors,we can see that forest land conversion is the main factor of social and economic.Development has a close relationship.Through comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of forest land conversion,the external factors include: macro-policy factors;urbanization progress;natural disaster factors;illegal occupation of forest land.Internal factors include: factors of forest management mode;factors of forest management policy.The strategies for forest land conversion include: strictly abiding by the red line of forest land ecological protection,speeding up the compilation of natural balance sheet,and establishing a cost assessment mechanism for natural resources development and utilization;In the area of ecological construction,the competent forestry authorities at all levels implement the Guangdong Forest Management Plan(2016-2050)and urge all kinds of managers to compile and implement forest management.In terms of investment in science and technology,we should strengthen investment in science and technology at difficult sites such as Rocky Desertification and coastal areas.In terms of capital input,we should standardize and strengthen the allocation and management of compensation funds for the benefits of ecological public welfare forests to improve the efficiency of fund use;In terms of disaster prevention and control,we should strengthen early warning and monitoring of forest fire hazards,strengthen fire source control and supervision and inspection,and improve emergency plans.