Effects Of Different Shelf Types Of Open Field Cultivation On High Yield And Fruit Quality Of Fresh Grape

This study investigated and analyzed the biological characteristics of different type of fresh grape varieties including ‘Zaoheibao’ and ‘Muscat’ in the fruit tree research institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.As will be shown in the following,in order to summarize the growth rules of different types under conditions of open-field cultivation and provide scientific basis for the cultivation and popularization of them in open-field cultivation,the research mainly studied the determination of phenological period,botanical morphological characteristics,habit of growth result,fruit quality and functional leaf photosynthetic characteristics.In summary,the cultivation of ‘Y’ frame can improve its high yield,hedgerow cultivation is beneficial to the accumulation of sugar content and leaf chlorophyll content in the fruit of ‘Zaoheibao’,and the cultivation of ‘Y’ frame can increase its yield and benefit the accumulation of sugar content in the fruit of ‘Muscat’,but the photosynthetic efficiency of hedgerow cultivation is better than that of ‘Y’ frame cultivation as a whole.The main results are as follows:(1)During the cultivation of different type of ‘Zaoheibao’,it has been found out that concerning phenological stage,the budding stage of ‘Zaoheibao’s’ hedgerow cultivation was April 16 th,the fruit maturity stage was August 15th;The budding stage of type ‘Y’‘Zaoheibao’ was April 14 th,fruit maturity stage was August 18 th.From the budding stage to the ripening period,hedgerow cultivation took 122 days,and type ‘Y’ lasted 127 days.The budding stage of type ‘Y’ cultivation was earlier than that of hedgerow,but the fruit maturity was delayed.(2)The average longitudinal diameter was 2.32 cm,the transverse diameter was 2.11 cm,the average panicle weight was 342.12 g,the maximum of single grain fruit was 5.31 g,the yield was 1846.77 kg;While the average longitudinal diameter of type‘Y’ was 2.43 cm,the transverse diameter was 2.13,the average single panicle weight was 469.10 g,the maximum of single grain fruit was 6.33 g,the yield was 2325.85 kg.The single panicle weight and single grain weight and the yield of the type ‘Y’ ‘Zaoheibao’ were higher than those of the hedgerow.The soluble solids,sugar-reducing total acid and total sugar content of hedgerow cultivation ‘Zaoheibao’ were higher than those of type ‘Y’.(3)In terms of photosynthetic characteristics,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of hedgerow cultivation ‘Zaoheibao’ were higher than that of ‘Y’cultivation,and chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid were higher than that of ‘Y’cultivation.Therefore,the photosynthetic capacity of hedgerow cultivation was stronger.(4)Among the different types of cultivation,the phenological stage,the budding stage of hedgerow grape variety ‘Muscat’ was April 17 th,the ripening stage of fruit was September10 th,the budding stage of type ‘Y’ ‘Muscat’ was April 12 th,and the ripening stage of fruit was September 5th.From the budding stage to the fruit ripening,each of the two cultivated shelf types lasted 146 days,the budding stage and the fruit ripening stage of type ‘Y’ was earlier than the hedgerow.(5)The ‘Muscat’ average ear weight was 308.03 g,the maximum of single grain fruit was 3.92 g,the yield was 2050.53 kg,the average longitudinal diameter was 2.31 cm,the average transverse diameter was 2.01 cm;‘Y’ type cultivation,the average ear weight 208.05 g,the average grain weight was 5.01 g,the yield was 2331.65 kg,the average longitudinal diameter was 2.29 cm,the average transverse diameter was 2.11 cm.The panicle weight of hedgerow cultivation was significantly higher than that of type ‘Y’,but the single grain fruit weight and the yield of type ‘Y’ cultivation was significantly higher than that of hedgerow.The content of soluble solids in hedgerow cultivation was higher than that of ‘Y’,while that of ‘Y’ was higher than that the hedgerow.(6)In terms of photosynthetic characteristics,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of hedgerow cultivation ‘Muscat’ was higher than that of ‘Y’ cultivation,the stomatal conductance(Gs)was higher than that of ‘Y’ cultivation,the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and transpiration(Tr)were higher,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid and the overall hedgerow were higher than that of ‘Y’ cultivation,that is to say,the photosynthetic characteristics of hedgerow were more prominent.