Identification,Evaluation And Application Of High-yield And Suitable For Mechanically Harvested Maize Varieties

Heilongjiang Province is an important corn production base in my country,and the corn planting area and output rank first in the country all the year round.However,the current corn varieties in Heilongjiang Province have the problem of high moisture content of grains.In production,the high moisture content of corn grains will cause the crushing rate of maize mechanical grains to be high,which greatly affects the quality of mechanical grains and reduces production.benefit.Choosing corn varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest for popularization and planting is of great significance to the development of mechanical grain harvest of corn in Heilongjiang Province.Maize varieties with high yield and suitable mechanical grain harvest cannot be evaluated only from the single index of yield,but require comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits.To this end,this study used 36 corn varieties newly promoted on the 852 farm in Heilongjiang Province as test materials,by measuring their variety characteristics related to mechanical grain harvest,yield,quality and other indicators,using DTOPSIS method based on entropy weighting Its comprehensive analysis and evaluation not only discusses a new comprehensive evaluation method,but also has a certain significance for screening out corn varieties suitable for local popularization.The top 4 corn varieties were screened for further field characterization,mechanical harvest quality evaluation and comprehensive evaluation,and the income-increasing benefits were calculated to provide a reference for the promotion of local varieties and economic improvement.The findings are as follows:（1）The innovative DTOPSIS method based on entropy weight is a scientific and fair comprehensive evaluation method of corn varieties.The DTOPSIS method is a method to solve the contradiction between different evaluation degrees and objectives of corn multiple traits through a unified measurement of each trait index,and comprehensively and objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of corn varieties.The entropy weight method is a weighting method based on a statistical system,which assigns weights according to various index values and effectively avoids subjective factors.The entropy weight method is used to give different weights to the indicators,which effectively avoids the subjective influence of personal factors on the test results.Combining the entropy weight method and DTOPSIS method to synthesize various indicators,comprehensive evaluation,sorting and screening of varieties is more scientific and reasonable than single yield evaluation.（2）After comprehensive ranking of the 36 corn varieties included in the evaluation system,the top four corn varieties are:Fengken 139,Demeiya 3,Ruifuer 1,Tianhe 2 in sequence.The indicators included in the evaluation system are yield,agronomic traits（grain weight per ear,ear length,number of rows per row,number of rows per row）,quality traits（oil content,protein content）,water content（grains,cob）,and lodging resistance There are 11 indicators in total（stalk resistance to breaking）.The entropy weight method is used to assign different weights to the indicators.The DTOPSIS method was used to calculate the correlation between each variety and the ideal solution.36 corn varieties are sorted.（3）The four selected corn varieties were included in the evaluation system,and the evaluation results were ranked as follows:Ruifuer 1,Fengken 139,Tianhe 2,and Demeyer 3.The indicators included in the evaluation system include yield,agronomic traits（ear length,ear thickness）,quality traits（oil content,protein content）,moisture content（grain,cob）,lodging resistance（stalk resistance to breakage）,organic The harvest quality（grain crushing rate,impurity rate,loss rate）has a total of 12 indicators.The entropy weight method is used to give the indicators different weights.The DTOPSIS method was used to calculate the correlation between each variety and the ideal solution,and the ranking is based on the₄)value.（4）The four selected corn varieties showed differences in physiological characteristics in the field identification test of suitable harvesting maize characteristics.Among them,Ruifuer 1 had the best performance in yield,protruding apex length,and protein content.Variety;Ruifuer 1 has the lowest grain moisture content,and has a faster dehydration rate in the late physiological maturity period,and a low mechanical harvesting and crushing rate.It is a corn variety suitable for mechanical harvesting.Fengken139 performed best in ear length and oil content;it was in the middle level in terms of grain moisture content,ear shaft mechanical strength and stem breaking resistance,and the harvest quality was medium.Tianhe No.2 has the longest protruding tip length,the highest water content in the cob and the highest moisture content in the grain,and the highest harvesting and crushing rate,but its stem has the highest breaking resistance and a low field loss rate.Demeiya 3 has the worst performance among the four varieties in terms of yield,ear length,ear thickness,oil content,protein content,and stalk resistance,but it has the best performance in cob resistance.And the grain moisture content is lower than Tianhe 2.（5）The four selected corn varieties showed differences in physiological characteristics in the field identification test of suitable harvesting maize characteristics.Among them,Ruifuer 1 had the best performance in yield,protruding apex length,and protein content.Variety;Ruifuer 1 has the lowest grain moisture content,and has a faster dehydration rate in the late physiological maturity period,and a low mechanical harvesting and crushing rate.It is a corn variety suitable for mechanical harvesting.Fengken139 performed best in ear length and oil content;it was in the middle level in terms of grain moisture content,ear shaft mechanical strength and stem breaking resistance,and the harvest quality was medium.Tianhe 2 has the longest protruding tip length,the highest water content in the cob and the highest moisture content in the grain,and the highest harvesting and crushing rate,but its stem has the highest breaking resistance and a low field loss rate.Demeiya 3 has the worst performance among the four varieties in terms of yield,ear length,ear thickness,oil content,protein content,and stalk resistance,but it has the best performance in cob resistance.And the grain moisture content is lower than Tianhe 2.（6）The mechanical grain harvesting method of corn reduces the cost and improves the economic benefits compared with manual harvesting.The moisture content of the grain during corn harvest not only affects the quality of the mechanical harvest,but also affects the purchase price of the corn.In the 2019field identification test,Ruifuer 1,Fengken 139,Tianhe 2 and Demeiya 3 respectively increased the benefits by 12.21.98 yuan/mu,1011.34 yuan/mu,643.82 yuan/mu,and 690.77 yuan/mu.