| Chestnut is rich in germplasm resources and has a large group division.The structure of chestnut groups is complex,genetic variation within and between groups is large,which has a rich genetic basis.However,the economic traits of Chinese chestnut are mixed,and to achieve the effective utilization of germplasm resources,an objective and comprehensive evaluation is required.Revealing the inheritance laws and variation sizes of chestnut phenotypic traits between and within groups helps to understand their genetic stability and selection potential.At the same time,storability of chestnut is an important index for evaluating chestnut,and it has an important influence on preservation,processing and sales of chestnut.At the same time,the storage resistance of Chestnut is an important index for evaluation of chestnut,chestnut preservation,processing,marketing has an important impact.Therefore,this study aimed at the multiple chestnut germplasm resources grafted and preserved in Qianxi area,using two-factor nested design analysis and other methods to explore the phenotypic diversity of chestnut germplasm resources and fruit storability.In order to provide theoretical basis for the evaluation,screening,storage,processing and utilization of chestnut germplasm resources in Qianxi area.The research results were as follows:1.There were large differences in related phenotypic traits and nutrient quality traits between chestnut groups and within the germplasm within the group.They were rich in diversity,had wide variations,and had large breeding selection potential.2.The variation degree of different traits of the same group and the same trait among different groups were different,which reflected the unequal qualities of chestnut germplasm resources among groups.3.The average variation ratio between groups and within groups wasless than 1,indicating that the main source of variation in chestnut-related phenotypic traits and nutritional quality-related indicators was intra-group variation.4.The fruiting mother branches were short and thick,and the number of fruiting branches on them was large.In the process of chestnut cultivation and management,the fruiting and weak branches should be regulated by pruning and fertilizer spraying.Specific leaf quality,SPAD,thorn bud size,etc.could be used as an important reference index for introduction and breeding in the Qianxi area,and the length and thickness of the fruit tip could be used as its auxiliary reference index.5.The related phenotypic traits and nutritional quality traits of chestnut nuts were basically clustered according to geographical distance to reflect the differences in diversity of different chestnut groups.6.Chestnut fruit gradually matured,soluble sugar content,starch content and crude protein content increased,and water content decreased.During storage of chestnut nuts of different maturity levels,soluble sugar content,peroxidase activity,catalase activity showed an upward trend;starch,crude protein,and moisture content showed a downward trend,and the change of quality index had a certain effect on the storage capacity of Chestnut.The harvest time was earlier,the nutrient content of chestnut was low,the moisture content was high,the content of the material changes significantly,the edible and storage properties were low.The later the harvest time,the higher the storage level of chestnut.7.During storage of chestnut,there were certain trends in the changes of moisture and nutritional quality indicators of chestnut,and the rate of decrease was different between germplasm and groups.Some of the chestnut germplasms in Hebei and Shandong,such as ‘Yanshan Zaofeng’,‘Luyue Zaofeng’,‘Tafeng’,‘Changli No.9’ and ‘Zunhua Short Thorn’,had low bad fruit rate and strong storability.Combined with the clustering results of storability indicators,in the introduction work in Qianxi area,the chestnut germplasm in Hubei and Guizhou should be carefully considered,and chestnut germplasm in Beijing and Shandong should be selected. |
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