Study On Optimizing Nitrogen,Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization Of American Ginseng Based On "3414" Experiment

Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium are the three essential elements for plant growth.They participate in the completion of many physiological and chemical reactions in plants,and are important factors in regulating plant growth and the synthesis of effective ingredients.The nutrient elements needed of plants mainly come from the soil,and fertilization is an effective means to improve soil nutrients.American ginseng is a perennial medicinal plant of the Araliaceae ginseng.Its industry is developing rapidly in my country and has an important economic position.However,there are unreasonable fertilization in the process of planting American ginseng,and there are few related researches.Therefore,this article analyzes the quality of American ginseng and planting soil nutrients in different producing areas,and on this basis,3-year-old American ginseng was taken as the research object,and conducts pot experiments with combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.To study the effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on soil fertility,American ginseng growth and saponin content,and provide scientific guidance for the rational application the study are as follows:1.The content of panax quinquefolium saponins and soil nutrients in different production areas are different.Huinan area of Jilin Province has high soil carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium.The content of soil available phosphorus is high in Weihai,Shandong;American ginseng in Weihai,Shandong The content of total saponins,Rb₁and Re are high,respectively 81.41,25.93,14.82 g/kg,and the content of Rg₁ in Huinan area of Jilin is high,4.46 g/kg.The content of panax quinquefolium saponins has a certain correlation with soil nutrients.The content of total saponins,Rb₁ and Re are positively correlated with total soil phosphorus and available phosphorus,and the content of Rg1 is positively correlated with soil total potassium,available potassium,p H,total nitrogen,and total carbon.2.Through the determination of soil nutrient content under different treatments of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,it was found that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduced the soil p H,total carbon,and total potassium content,and the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available phosphorus in the soil The overall potassium content is on the rise,with an average increase of 4.2%,17.9%,81.8%,13.7%and 54.1%respectively.The content of iron,magnesium,and aluminum in the soil showed a downward trend,and the content of calcium and sulfur in the soil also increased to a certain extent,with an average increase of 1.1%and 67.9%respectively.3.There are differences in soil enzyme activity and the number and diversity of microorganisms under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratio treatments.The application of nitrogen fertilizer promotes the activity of soil urease,and the application of phosphate fertilizer reduces the activity of soil acid phosphatase,which is the result of the comprehensive effect of soil nutrients in soil enzyme activity.Under fertilization treatments,soil microbial communities also changed,such as Patescibacteria and Nitrospirae.In most fertilization treatments,soil microbes were rich and diversity showed a downward trend,but there was basically no significant difference.The highest index of N₁P₂K₂,N₂P₁K₂Chao1 were 7787.1 Compared with 7712.5,the community composition results are similar,but the characteristic microorganisms are different.The number of unique OTUs in different treatments is between 2518 and3838.4.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote the growth of American ginseng plant height,leaf length,leaf width,and leaf area,and it is also conducive to the accumulation of dry matter of American ginseng.The increase rate of American ginseng under nitrogen fertilizer treatment was 19.38%～37.73%,the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer on American ginseng was 3.48%～12.58%,and the increase rate of potassium fertilizer on American ginseng was 10.07%～20.14%.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium also promotes the absorption of nutrient elements in American ginseng.When the amount of fertilizer is high,the promotion effect will be weakened.The carbon content is in the trend of root<stem<leaf,and the nitrogen content is in the trend of root>stem>leaf.There is little difference in potassium content in various parts,and American ginseng has a certain synergistic or antagonistic effect on the absorption and utilization of various elements.5.The application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers has a promoting effect on the content of panax ginseng saponins.The contents of total saponins,Rg₁,Rb₁,and Re all increase with the application of fertilizer,and the contents are 78.1-108.1 g/kg,0.95-2.59 g/kg,15.87～26.39 g/kg,12.52～19.29 g/kg,the degree of increase is different under different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and the effect on other monomeric saponin with less content is not obvious or irregular.Through the comprehensive evaluation of the content of different kinds of saponins,it was found that the quality of American ginseng treated with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was better than that of nutrient deficiency treatment than CK treatment.The content of saponin in American ginseng is also related to soil nutrients and soil-like microorganisms.