| With the increase in people’s consumption levels,the demand for fruits has continued to increase.The mechanization and automation of orchard management play an irreplaceable role in increasing the output and quality of fruits in my country.The design,optimization and innovation of orchard management machinery can improve fruit quality and farmers’ income.Very helpful.The fertilizer application mode of applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in autumn in peach orchard is a fertilization mode that increases fruit yield and promotes farmers’ yield and income.However,this type of fertilization method currently usually adopts secondary topdressing for fertilization operations,which is complicated in fertilization methods.,Fuel consumption and labor consumption,and other issues have severely restricted the increase in production and income of fruit farmers.In summary,in order to reduce the increased workload due to secondary operations and reduce the fuel consumption of orchard management operations,and improve the mechanization of orchard fertilization,combined with the agronomic requirements of peach orchard fertilization,a layered fertilizer applicator was designed and applied theory and The key components of the fertilizer applicator are studied by simulation analysis and soil trough test.The main research contents of this design are as follows:(1)Research and analyze the topographic features of the peach tree orchard.According to the peach orchard fertilization mode,agronomy and basic equipment requirements,the whole structure of the orchard layered fertilizer applicator is designed.The four processes of drag reduction and trenching,deep application of organic fertilizer,shallow application of chemical fertilizer,and soil covering and clearing can be completed at one time.Mechanized technological process of operation.(2)Innovatively design the structure of the ditching blade and use discrete element simulation to analyze the power consumption of the blade.The ditching mechanism and its key components are selected and parameterized.The ditching mechanism adopts a rotary ditching mechanism,and the simulation software EDEM is used for simulation analysis to optimize the key components and structure.The test results show that when the speed of the knife roll is 221.95 r/min and the bending angle is 133.12 °,the stability of the groove depth is 93.29% and the groove width is 37.29 mm.(3)Carry out simulation simulation for the layered fertilization method,visualize the effect of fertilization,study its layered effect and optimize operation parameters.EDEM was used to simulate and analyze the principle of layered fertilization,and the relative position of the fertilizer opening in layered fertilization was designed to optimize the parameters of layered fertilization.The test results show that the primary and secondary order affecting the fertilizer spacing is: fertilizer mouth height difference,cover slab angle,fertilizer mouth horizontal distance;the optimal combination of parameters is fertilizer mouth horizontal distance 199.6 mm,fertilizer mouth height difference 67.62 mm,and soil cover slab.The included angle is 38.14°,and the layer spacing at this time is 56.0797 mm.(4)Use the soil tank test vehicle to conduct test design on the trenching mechanism and determine the optimal combination of its operating parameters.Use soil trench test to conduct factor level test with trenching power consumption as an indicator,obtain relevant test data,test the working parameter combination of trenching mechanism operation,and determine the optimal combination as: working speed of 0.56 m/s,trenching depth It is 259.93 mm,the speed of the knife roller is 169.68 r/min,and the power consumption of ditching at this level is 16.54 kw(5)A field experiment was conducted on the effects of ditching and layered fertilization,and data statistics and analysis of the furrow type parameters and layered fertilization effects showed that the average error of shallow fertilizer application depth is 6.96 mm,and the average error of deep fertilizer application depth It is 0.13 mm;the fertilization stability coefficient of shallow fertilizer is 92.30 %,and the variation coefficient of depth stability of deep fertilizer placement is 97.59 %;the qualified rate of shallow fertilizer application depth is 83%,and the qualified rate of deep fertilizer application depth 95 %.Field experiments have verified that the orchard layered fertilizer applicator designed in this paper has a good effect on reducing the power consumption of ditching operations;in the optimization of fertilization methods,it can complete the layered fertilization of two kinds of fertilizers at one time.The effect is obvious,and it can be used as a reference for the improvement and optimization of the orchard layered fertilizer applicator. |
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