| Objective: Taking "Hua Jin 6" Lonicera japonica Thunb.as the test material,discuss the effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of the soil,soil enzyme activity,number of soil fungi and bacteria,and flower bud quality.On the basis of improving soil quality and improving the quality of “Hua Jin 6”Lonicera japonica Thunb.,the optimal dosage of fulvic acid fertilizer will be determined.Method: In this experiment,the cutting seedlings of the annual "Hua Jin 6" Lonicera japonica Thunb.were used as test materials,and different amounts of fulvic acid fertilizer(CK:0 g/plant,T1:10 g/plant,T2:25 g/plant,T3:50 g/plant,T4:100 g/plant,T5:150 g/plant)were applied respectively.Measure the soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity,and the number of soil microorganisms on the 20 th,40th,60 th,and 80 th days after fertilization,and study the effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on the nutrient status of the soil.Among them,p H value is measured by potentiometric method;organic matter content is measured by potassium dichromate volumetric method;alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is measured by alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method;effective phosphorus content is measured by sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method;the potassium content is determined by the ammonium acetate-flame photometer method;urease activity is measured by sodium phenolate colorimetric method;the alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by the phenyl disodium phosphate method;sucrase activity was measured by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry;catalase activity is measured by potassium permanganate titration method;the gene abundance of soil bacteria and fungi was determined by quantitative Real-time PCR(q RT-PCR).The UHPLC method was used to determine the contents of 13 chemical components of Lonicera japonica Thunb.,and the contents of 15 inorganic elements were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods.The differences between the chemical components and the contents of inorganic elements in Lonicera japonica Thunb.were analyzed under different fertilization.In the data analysis,correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to study the correlation degree of various soil indexes in each period,and principal component analysis was used to calculate the comprehensive score of soil nutrients in each treatment group in each period,so as to comprehensively evaluate the effect of soil improvement.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate 13 chemical components and 15 inorganic elements in flower buds,and the best fertilization amount was determined according to the score of each treatment group.Result:(1)The application of fulvic acid fertilizer can lower the p H of honeysuckle soil,and the effect gradually slows down with the extension of fertilization time.The content of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium continued to increase after applying fulvic acid fertilizer.On the 20 th,40th,and 60 th day after fertilization,when the fertilization rate was 50 g/plant,the organic matter content in the soil was the highest.In the four periods after fertilization,all treatments can effectively increase the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium,with the largest increases of 42.10% and 47.44%,respectively.The soil available phosphorus content increased significantly when the amount of fertilization was high,on the 40 th,60th,and 80 th day after fertilization,the increase of T4 treatment was 14.76～47.44%,and the increase of T5 treatment was 16.73～33.42%.(2)Fulvic acid fertilizer could significantly affect soil urease activity in a short time.T3 treatment had the best effect on the 20 th and 40 th day after fertilization,and the increase of urease activity could reach 25.40% and 17.85% respectively;At each stage after fertilization,the soil alkaline phosphatase activity of each treatment group was higher than that of CK group,which showed an increasing trend with the increase of fertilizer amount,and the alkaline phosphatase activity of T5 treatment was the strongest;Compared with CK group,soil catalase activity was significantly increased.On the 20 th and 40 th day after fertilization,T3 treatment had the highest catalase activity,increasing by 62.83% and47.51% respectively.On the 60 th and 80 th day after fertilization,T4 treatment had the highest catalase activity,increasing by 32.89% and 41.68% respectively;The activity of sucrase in each treatment group was higher than that in CK group on the 40 th and 60 th day after fertilization,and the activity of T3 and T4 was the strongest.The number of fungi and bacteria in the soil increased after the application of fulvic acid fertilizer,and the effect on soil fungi was greater in the short term.On the 20 th day after fertilization,the number of fungi in all treatment groups increased by 58.48%-654.46% compared with CK group.On the 80 th day after fertilization,the number of bacteria in T4 treatment was the most,and the number of fungi in T5 treatment was the most.(3)Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis shows that various soil indicators are closely related in each period.The soil p H and other indicators are all negatively correlated,and the other indicators have obvious correlations,and most of them are positively correlated.Principal component analysis shows that different fertilizer rates have different effects on soil improvement in different periods.On the 20 th and 80 th days after fertilization,the fertilization rate of 100 g/plant has the best effect on soil improvement.On the 40 th day after fertilization,150 g/plant has the best effect on soil improvement.On the60 th day after fertilization,the fertilization rate of 50 g/plant has the best effect on soil improvement.(4)The results of the chemical composition of Lonicera japonica Thunb.showed that can increase the content of 10 compounds,which are Chlorogenic acid,Cryptochlorogenic acid,Isochlorogenic acid A,Isochlorogenic acid B,Isochlorogenic acid C,Rutin,Isoquercitrin,Luteoloside,Loganic acid and Loganin respectively.The content of Neochlorogenic acid,Caffeic acid,and Secoxyloganin in all treatment groups were lower than those in CK group.(5)After applying fulvic acid fertilizer,the total amount of 15 elements Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,and Pb in the flower buds was significantly higher than that in the CK group.The increase in the treatment group was 2.11% ～ 20.94%.Except for four elements,like Ca,Mg,Al,and Cu,the content of the other 11 elements increased after the application of fulvic acid fertilizer.(6)The contents of 13 chemical components and 15 inorganic elements in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were analyzed by principal component analysis,and the comprehensive scores of each group were calculated.The results showed that T3 treatment had the highest score,which was 1.2387 and 1.0814,respectively.That is to say,when the fertilization rate was 100 g / plant,the quality of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was the best.Conclusion: After the fulvic acid fertilizer is applied to the soil,it can improve the physical and chemical properties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.soil,enhance the activities of urease,alkaline phosphatase,catalase,and invertase in the soil,and increase the number of soil fungi and bacteria;it can promote the accumulation of 10 chemical components and15 inorganic elements in flower buds.In conclusion,when the fulvic acid fertilizer application rate is 50 ～ 150 g/plant,the soil improvement effect is the best;when the fertilization rate is 100 g/plant,the flower bud quality improvement effect is the best. |
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