| At present,agricultural production pays more attention to the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the amount of organic fertilizers is small,which highlights the relative lack of microelements in the soil.The provincial soil parent material is an important factor affecting soil mineral nutrients,especially calcium content and its availability.Peanuts are calcium-loving crops and have a high demand for calcium.The insufficient supply of soil calcium seriously affects the yield and quality of peanuts.The existing researches mostly focus on the yield effect of NPK on peanuts.However,there are still few studies on the yield effects of calcium fertilizers on peanuts and the effects of calcium fertilizers on peanut yields based on different N,P,and K dosages and organic fertilizers.Based on the above problems,this paper studied the effects of calcium fertilizer and different levels of N,P and K base fertilizers and calcium fertilizers with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of peanuts through a large number of field fertilizer experiments.The aim is to provide high-quality and high-yield peanuts.And scientific fertilization provides a basis.The main findings are as follows:1.The application of calcium fertilizer significantly promotes the growth of peanuts.Compared with the treatment without calcium fertilizer,when the calcium(Ca)dosage is 37.5,75,150,300 kg/hm2,the base fertilizer is reduced by 50%,the base fertilizer is reduced by 25%,the conventional fertilization is treated,and the base fertilizer is increased by 25%(The amount of base fertilizer is 300,450,600,750 kg/hm2,respectively),the growth rates of peanuts biomass at seedling stage were 14.4%,17.6%,14.8%,19.1%,and the growth rates of flowering(lower needle stage)were 11.6%,11.0%,16.3%,9.6%,the pod-setting period increased by 13.4%,13.3%,16.0%,12.2%;when the base fertilizer is applied with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers,and the calcium dosage is 75,150,300kg/hm2,single application of chemical fertilizer treatment,single application of organic fertilizer treatment,The growth rates of peanut biomass in the seedling stage of the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers were 14.1%,18.1%,15.6%,and the growth rates of the flowering(lower needle stage)were 20.8%,14.0%,14.7%,the pod-setting period increased by 19.9%,17.2%,14.1%.When the calcium fertilizer dosage is the same,the 50%reduction of base fertilizer significantly reduces the biomass of peanuts in each period,while the reduction of base fertilizer by 25%,the conventional fertilization and the increase of base fertilizer by 25%have no obvious regularity in the biomass of peanuts in each period;When organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied to the bease fertilizer,the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increases the biomass of peanuts at flowering(needling stage)and pod-setting stages.Different base fertilizers had little effect on the biomass at the seedling stage.The difference in biomass between the growth stages of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer was not significant.2.Increasing the application of calcium fertilizer significantly increases the number of pods per plant and the 100-pod weight of peanuts,thereby significantly increasing the yield of peanuts.Compared with the treatment without calcium fertilizer,when the calcium dosage is 37.5,75,150,300 kg/hm2,the treatment of 4 different levels of base fertilizer the number of pods increased by 0.3-3.6,0.3-3.2,0.3-3.2,and 0.3-3.3,respectively,and the 100-pod weight of peanuts increased by 4.7%-14.5%,9.5%-21.4%,5.9%-13.4%,2.2%-9.6%,respectively.The yield increased by 2.4%-10.2%,3.3%-11.7%,3.9%-12.0%,2.1%-11.3%;When organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were applied to the base fertilizer,and the calcium fertilizer dosage was 75,150,300 kg/hm2,single application of chemical fertilizer treatment,single application of organic fertilizer treatment,combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatment the number of pods per plant increased by 0.4-3.0,0.3-3.0,0.4-3.0,and the 100-pod weight of peanuts increased by 4.2%-17.3%,1.0%-15.5%,3.1%-14.6%,respectively.And yield increased by 4.0%-13.3%,4.9%-12.1%,4.2%-12,7%,respectively.Based on the field fertilizer effect experiment,the recommended optimal fertilization plan for Jidong peanuts is proposed as follows:Base fertilizer(15-15-15)dosage 450 kg/hm2 combined with calcium fertilizer 75-550 kg/hm2,or chemical fertilizer 300 kg/hm2+organic fertilizer 600 kg/hm2 combined application calcium fertilizer 75-150 kg/hm2.When the calcium fertilizer dosage was the same,there was no significant difference in the effect of the four different levels of base fertilizer treatments on the number of peanuts per plant.There was no significant difference in the 100-pod weight of peanuts and yield of peanuts in the 25%reduction of base fertilizer,the conventional fertilization treatment and the 25%increase in base fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than the 50%reduction of base fertilizer.Compared with conventional fertilization,the 100-pod weight of peanuts and yield of peanuts in the 50%reduction of base fertilizer are reduced by 3.2-6.3%and 2.6%-5.9%respectively.Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were used for basal fertilizer.There was little difference in the number of pods per plant under different fertilizer treatments.The 100-pod weight of peanuts and yield of peanuts combined with organic and chemical fertilizers are significantly higher than that of single application of chemical fertilizer and single application of organic fertilizer,but there was no significant difference between single application of organic fertilizer and single application of chemical fertilizer.Compared with the treatments of single application of chemical fertilizer and single application of organic fertilizer,t the increase in the 100-pod weight of peanuts is 3.6%-6.0%,6.2%-8.2%,and the increase in yield is 2.6%-5.5%,2.6%-4.8%,respectively.3.The application of calcium fertilizer significantly promotes the absorption of calcium in different organs of peanuts,increases the calcium content and accumulation of calcium in each organ,and uses calcium fertilizer to increase the calcium distribution rate of peanut kernels.When the amount of calcium fertilizer is the same,compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the increase or decrease of the base fertilizer amount by 25%had no significant effect on the calcium accumulation,while the 50%reduction of the base fertilizer treatment had obvious calcium accumulation in the various organs and total calcium accumulation of peanuts,it is lower than other basal fertilizer treatments;When basal fertilizers are applied with chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers,combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers significantly promotes the absorption of calcium by peanuts.4.The application of calcium fertilizer significantly increases the exchangeable.calcium content of the soil.The amount of base fertilizer at different levels has no obvious effect on the exchangeable calcium content of the soil.When the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,the combined application of organic fertilizer and organic-chemical fertilizer significantly increases soil exchange calcium content of the soil.In summary,the application of calcium fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of peanuts;The application of calcium fertilizer can significantly increase the number of peanuts per plant and the 100-pod weight of peanuts,thereby significantly increasing the yield of peanuts.The application of calcium fertilizer significantly promotes the absorption of calcium by peanuts,and significantly increases the exchangeable calcium content of the soil.When the calcium dosage is the same,compared with conventional fertilization,the reduction of base fertilizer by 25%had no significant effect on the growth and yield of peanuts,and the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the yield of peanuts.The high-quality and high-yield peanuts can be achieved through the combined application of base fertilizer by 25%and calcium fertilizer and the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with calcium fertilizer. |
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