Study On The Selection Of Oat Varieties In Northern Xinjiang

Objective:The purpose of this study is to select early oats varieties with high quality in Shihezi area,to determine the best sowing rate and nitrogen application rate,and to provide the oretical support and technical guidance for oats planting in this area.Methods:In April 2018,21 varieties of oats were planted in spring sowing,select early maturing and high-quality varieties by analyzed.In July 2018,four early maturing oat varieties were sown in summer to control the different sowing amount and nitrogen application amount.Combined with the analysis of agronomic characteristics and nutritional quality,the optimal sowing amount and nitrogen application amount of the four varieties were determined.The accumulation of water soluble carbohydrates,sucrose,fructose,glucose and starch in oat varieties was analyzed,and the degradation process of nutrients in rumen for 6,12,24,36,48and 72 hours was analyzed.Results:(1)21 oat varieties planted in spring had the highest hay yield at milk maturity,The highest yield of souris hay in milk ripening period was 14.62 t/hm~2,In the heading stage and mature stage,the yield of Ever hay was the highest,8.59 t/hm~2and 10.50 t/hm~2.CP content was the highest at heading stage and the lowest at maturity stage,the highest CP content of Ever and leader was 15.74%and 15.82%at heading stage.Through the evaluation and analysis of membership function,the top five varieties are:Ever,Charisma,Baler 2,Forage plus,Qingyan 1.The dry grass yield of four oat varieties sown in summer was the highest at milk ripening stage,among which the yield of Qingyan 1 was the highest,reaching 15.76t/hm~2.In terms of nutritional quality,the contents of NDF,ADF and CP of Qinghai 444,Qingyin 1,Souris and Qingyan 1 decreased with the increase of sowing amount.When the fertilizer increased,the CP content increased significantly.Qinghai 444,Qingyin 1,Souris and Qingyan 1 had the largest CP content at heading stage,which were 17.1%,13.18%,14.30%and 15.46%respectively.According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function,Qingyan 1 ranks the highest in the comprehensive ranking.When the nitrogen application rate is 80 kg/hm~2and the sowing rate is 240 kg/hm~2,the hay yield and nutritional quality are the best.(3)The WSC,sucrose,fructose and glucose of spring sown and summer sown oats first increased and then decreased with the growth of oats,and the starch of summer sown oats was lower than that of spring sown oats.The ability to accumulate sugar in spring sowing Baler 2>Baler 2>Charisma>Forage plus>Qingyan 1;the ability of summer sowing different varieties to deal with sugar accumulation Qingyan 1>Qinghai 444>Qingyin 1>Souris.The content of WSC reached the highest around 6 days after heading.(4)The rapid degradation of Ever in the rumen is up to 37.2%and the effective degradation efficiency is up to 37.92%.Conclusion:Ever is the most suitable spring sown oat variety in Shihezi with its hig-h yield and excellent quality.By screening Qingyan 1 as the most suitable summer-so wing early-maturing variety,and controlling the seeding amount to 240 kg/hm~2and nit-rogen application rate to 80 kg/hm~2,large hay yield and excellent nutritional quality can be obtained.Finally meet the harvest needs of two crops a year.