Study On Landscape Pattern Optimization Of Land Use In Qilian Mountains Of Qinghai Province Based On Habitat Protection Of Snow Leopard

As one of the famous mountain systems in China,The Qilian Mountains are rich in forest,grassland,glacier and wetland resources.It is designated as a priority area for biodiversity conservation in China,and is the key source of the Yellow River waters.Therefore,it is the lifeblood of ensuring ecological security in western China.In recent years,a variety of man-made and natural factors have caused local serious ecological damage in The Qilian Mountains of Qinghai,which aggravated the habitat degradation of snow leopard in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai.The research on landscape pattern optimization of land use in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai based on habitat protection of snow leopard has provided an optimization approach from the perspective of species protection.This study is based on the comprehensive analysis of the dominant patch elements and the existing landscape problems in the study area based on the land use and cover data in the study area in 2018,and 136 snow leopard distribution points obtained through field investigations and 8 environmental variable data obtained through screening to determine the snow leopard habitat Suitability evaluation,based on this,combined with snow leopard habitat types to classify protection priority areas,and further analyze the landscape connectivity among the eight snow leopard habitats in the area.Comprehensive snow leopard habitat suitability levels,priority rankings and connectivity status to identify important protected areas and optimized areas,and based on the different ecological problems of the 5 optimized zones,the land use landscape pattern optimization plan based on layout optimization and quantitative structure optimization is proposed according to local conditions.,And the results are as follows:1、According to the analysis of landscape index method,grassland is the dominant patch element in the study area,with obvious dominance and severe fragmentation;The large number and wide range of desert landscapes reflect the ecological deterioration trend of desertification,desertification and grassland degradation in the study area,the distribution of resources such as forests,wetlands and glaciers is uneven.The water conservation ecosystem of the Qilian Mountains has been largely destroyed due to natural and man-made reasons and biodiversity has been reduced.2、Based on the MAXENT model,rainfall,altitude and slope are the key factors affecting the choice of snow leopard habitat.There are still suitable habitats of 1.34×104 km2 distributed outside the reserve.The MAXENT model believes that the priority area for snow leopard protection in the existing functional area is between Shulenanshan and Tolianshan area in the middle and northwestern part of the Qilian Mountains.Some of the most suitable areas are located in Qilian,which is outside the jurisdiction of the protected area.The area where Sharon Beach Management and Protection Station,Tole River Source Management and Protection Station and Wahus Management and Protection Station are located in the northern part of the county.Based on the evaluation of the suitability of snow leopard habitat,the protection priority area is divided based on the ZONATION model,and the protection vacancy area is identified by comparing the existing protection areas.3、By using circuit theory to analyze the landscape connectivity among habitats,it can be seen that the habitats of G1,G2 and G3 in the western part of the study area and those of G5,G6,G7 and G8 in the eastern part of the study area have good connectivity with clear and dense connectivity lines.The central region is an important geographical location that plays a connecting role,but the connectivity is extremely poor.There are a large number of farmlands and roads between The G3 and G4 habitats,which are almost "disconnected" with the snow leopard habitats in the west and east.4、Comprehensive analysis of snow leopard habitat suitability zoning and landscape connectivity analysis show that the two key protection areas are located in the Gahe Management and Protection Station and its surrounding areas in the northwest of the study area,and the Bianma Management and Protection Station in the middle of the study area to the Dala Cave in the south.5、Take the minimum important habitat of 1.9×104 km2 of snow leopard as the target of quantity structure optimization,arrange the land structure and quantity rationally in combination with the optimization of land use layout in the study area.Region A and Region B take the restoration of land desertification and grassland degradation as the optimal direction;Area C and D distribution with a large number of precious resources of forest and shrubs,it is also an important water source conservation forests,For area C and D,it is very important to increase the supply of forests and shrubs in the form of desert restoration,and to increase protection and restoration of agricultural and pastoral land;Area E and its surrounding areas are densely distributed with residential areas,which has a large degree of man-made.Therefore,the quantity adjustment of this area is mainly based on the restoration of grassland caused by overgrazing,and the layout of cultivated land and residential areas is auxiliary.6、Through comparative analysis of the changes in the fragmentation index of the study area and the dominant patch elements before and after optimization,it is proved that land desertification and desertification are the main ecological deterioration problems in the study area.Therefore,the layout and quantity adjustment of desert patch elements is one of the effective ways to alleviate the fragmentation trend of the overall landscape pattern.