Analysis On The Forest Landscape Pattern Of Mountains And Composition Of Soil Spatial Characteristics In Diebu County

In this paper, based on the Geographic Information System software ArcGIS10.0and the Landscape Index Statistics software FRAGSTATS3.4supports, make the forest figure and the land use figure as main information source, and by the ArcGIS10.0platform, application its image, and data processing function, on the base of landscape classification principles gets landscape elements figure spot, came landscape classification figure, at the same time, came to the area of the landscape types and structures.Selects follow indexes:CA、NP、PLAND、TE、AREA CV、FRAC MN; PD、 ED、LSI、AI、LPI、SIDI、SIEI; ENN_MN、PROX、CONECT、IJI, to comprehensive analysis of landscape pattern. The results show that:on the patches level, landscape fragmentation of serious, dominance of landscape visible, aggregation of landscape larger, the shape of landscape more complex, landscape adjacent and mosaics complex too, high connectivity and high landscape diversity, evenness is acceptable. On the landscape types level, analysis of the distribution about landscape pattern at the study area, respectively from the types of landscape structure, landscape together, mosaic, and landscape diversity, dominance, evenness, links, connections and distance index. From the type of landscape structure, landscape pattern in the study area is at a high covering of grass, followed by FIR, Woodland, low coverage of Grassland and Alpine desert/Tundra, the entire landscape is a small distribution of landscape elements embedded in the distribution pattern of landscape elements.Study on the landscape in the matrix is high coverage of Grassland that plays a leading role in the control structure, function and dynamics process of whole landscape. By analysis the patches density, edge density, aggregation, dominance, bio-diversity and evenness index, came to the following conclusions:research area is high cover of Grassland for main, FIR, Woodland, low cover of Grassland and Alpine desert/Tundra more, other various landscape elements spot block mosaic which of forest landscape. Landscape heterogeneity higher, plaque breaks, heterogeneous patch cross inlay of landscape elements, shows that to spread a small plaque located in the landscape as a whole, constitute a higher overall contrast, spatial distribution of complex, heterogeneous forest landscape with higher, but the advantage was not obvious.For the spatial relation of landscape elements, contact index, connection index and distance index analysis the relationship between landscape elements, that:high cover of Grassland, FIR, low cover of Grassland, and Woodland and Alpine desert/Tundra mutual contact close in the16landscape elements types of research area. Formed set even tablets of more large spot block of potential larger, Bare land, Rural Residential, Plain dry land and Birch plaques of contact lower, show that plaque of these element types may be in two status, a situation is that they belong to the new block, early expansion, may be extended through edge and gradually expanded, such as:Bare land and Rural Residential areas. Another is that they belong to separate the recession plaque, erosion, plaques likely succession or replacement occurs, patch size is further compressed, such as:Birch and Plain dry land.To know the terrain factors analysis:shady area accounted for43percent, followed by sunny; the trend roughly was that shady>sunny>semi-sunny>semi-shady, the region most of the landscape type in the shady and sunny, semi-shady and semi-sunny little difference, indicating that the region humidity is not very different. Bare land and Rural settlements was contrary, this is mainly due to the impact of human activities.Landscape pattern impact the spatial heterogeneity of the soil composition, different landscape pattern showed a different soil processes. In different vegetation types, soil organic carbon content showed that Woodland>Alpine Meadow> High coverage Grassland> Rural Settlements>Plain Farmland>Mountain Farmland; under the influence of terrain factors, soil organic carbon content with a different aspect showed different:shady>semi-shady> semi-sunny>sunny; under the influence of hydrological factors, soil organic carbon content with the size of the precipation showed different:lower temperatures, larger precipation, the organic carbon was higher, while close to the organic carbon content of the river region smaller. In general, the soil processes with altitude showed same variation, at the same time by the interference of a variety of impact factor, while showing a regular variation.