| At present,the seedlings of apple cultivation are all grafted from rootstocks.Rootstocks,as the basis for grafting fruit trees,have an important impact on the adaptability and maintenance of excellent traits of apple.At present,the cultivation of rootstocks is mainly based on two methods of seed reproduction and asexual reproduction.Aerosol culture technology is the simulation and improvement of the natural growth environment of plants by human.In addition intelligent technology is used to control the growth environment and nutritional requirements of plants.In this paper,the malus robusta rehd and M9-T33 T rootstocks were used as test materials to screen the rootstock varieties and cutting conditions,and also to select out suitable rootstocks and culture conditions for aerosol culture.(1)The original leaves of apple rootstocks will be browning phenomenon under the conditions of aerosol culture.For the twigs of Begonia barengensis and M9-T337 rootstock,there are differences in the browning of the original leaves.The degree of browning of the original leaves of malus robusta rehd in aerosol culture was lower than that of M9-T337 rootstock.But beteen 6-10 days,the degree of browning of malus robusta rehd in aerosol culture was higher than that of M9-T337 rootstock.Different types of hormones and nutrient solutions were used for treatment.During the cutting period of 2-12 days,the degree of browning of the original leaves in the clear water control was lighter than that between the treatments.There was a difference in the degree of browning of the original leaves between the treatments,but the difference was not significant.For the spraying interval,the rootstock with 30 s spraying interval of 30 min had the lightest browning of the original leaves.After 14 days of each treatment,the degree of browning reached the maximum(browning index 0.83),and the original leaves of the rootstock were all withered,but it did not affect the callus production of the later rootstock.(2)Under the conditions of aerosol culture,there is contamination at the basal part of the apple rootstock.It has been tested that the contamination of the basal part of the rootstock is mainly caused by Fusarium solani.The test results showed that adding nutrient solution and hormones before the formation of callus would accelerate the pollution of the basal part incision,but each time the nutrient solution was changed,the pollution of the basal part incision of the rootstocks of each treatment would be reduced,and the clean water control had the lightest pollution of the basal part incision.The pollution of the basal part cuttings of the M9-T337 twig cuttings is lower than that of malus robusta rehd;the pollution of the basal part cuttings of the M9-T337 rootstocks treated with spraying 30 s and 30 min intervals is lower than that of the 50min;the pollution of cuttings at the basal part of shoots is lower than that of dormant branches.(3)Compare the callus formation rate of the cuttings of malus robusta rehd and M9-T337 rootstock under different treatment conditions.Rootstock shoots of M9-T337 are 13.33% higher than those of malus robusta rehd;under different hormone treatments of rootstocks of M9-T337,0.1mg/L IBA> 0.1mg/L NAA> water;M9-T337 rootstocks of shoots are treated with different nutrient solutions.1/4Hoagland=1/4WPM>clear water,but callus formation index 1/4 Hoagland>1/4WPM;M9-T337 rootstock shoots are treated with different spraying intervals,spraying 30 s at 50 min intervals than 30 min intervals.The shoot height of M9-T337 rootstock is 66.67% higher than that of dormant shoots.(4)To compare the average root number,average root length,rooting rate and rooting index of the cuttings of malus robusta rehd and M9-T337 under the treatment of different types of hormones,different types of nutrient solutions,and different intervals of spraying time.M9-T337 has 51.22% more cuttings than the rootstock of malus robusta rehd,the average root length is 55.26%,the rooting rate is 35.59%higher,and the rooting index is 51.10% higher.M9-T337 rootstock shoots under different hormone treatments,0.1mg/L IBA cuttings of M9-T337 rootstock have the largest average number of roots,the longest average root length,the highest rooting rate,and the highest rooting index,which are 6.8,6.2cm,79%,3.65.The average root number,average root length,rooting rate and rooting index of M9-T337 rootstock cutted with 1/4 Hoagland nutrient solution under different nutrient solution treatments were 6.2,5.9cm,78%,3.42.M9-T337 rootstock shoots were treated with different intervals,the average root number was 21.57%,the average root length was 22.92%,the rooting rate was 31.14%,and the rooting index was23.38% higher.The average root number,average root length,rooting rate and rooting index of tender branches cuttings of M9-T337 rootstock were greater than those of dormant branches.(5)Compare the germination rate,the number of new leaves,the growth rate and the survival rate of the cuttings of malus robusta rehd and M9-T337 under the treatment of different hormones,different nutrient solutions,and different spraying intervals.After 62 days of cuttings,M9-T337 had a 43.10% higher germination rate,22.91% more new leaves,12.5% ??higher growth,and 30.13% lower mortality rate than the rootstock of malus robusta rehd.Under different hormone treatments for the shoots of M9-T337 rootstock,M9-T337 rootstock with 0.1mg/L IBA cutting had the largest number of new leaves,the largest growth and the lowest mortality,which were 5.8,57.2mm,and 20%,respectively.Under different nutrient solution treatments of M9-T337 rootstock twigs,1/4 Hoagland had the highest germination rate,the largest number of new leaves,the largest growth,and the lowest mortality,which were 86%,5.9,54.8mm,and21.67%,respectively.M9-T337 rootstocks were treated with different spraying intervals.The M9-T337 rootstocks sprayed at 30 s and 50 min intervals had high germination rate,many new leaves,large growth,and low mortality.The tender branches of M9-T337 rootstock have higher germination rate,more new leaves,larger growth,and lower mortality than dormant branches.The test results show that it is best to use clean water before the callus is formed,spraying 30 s and 30 min for 14 days,under the aerosol culture of the rootstock shoots of M9-T337.When the callus is formed,using0.1mg/L IBA and 1/4 Hoagland nutrient solution,also spraying for 30 s and 50 min intervals for sprout cuttings and roots are the best. |
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