| Dietary fiber is an important nutrition to improve the reproductivity of sows and the growth performance of its offspring.The research group and the related research articles stated that increase the intake of dietary fiber during gestation period could improve the weaning weight of piglets and the food intake of sows during lactation period as well as shorten the labor process.However,some research studies show adding extra fibers during gestation period has no significant effect on the reproductivity of sows.The causes of inconsistent results could be down to the different type of fiber supplements.The content of insoluble fibers(ISF)and soluble fibers(SF)are different in different fiber materials,therefore the ratio of ISF and SF are significantly different in feeds.Research has proven that the nutrition digestibility has been affected by the ratio of ISF/SF in feeds,and fibers could be one of the important elements in affecting the reproductive performance of sows.Nevertheless,the report of the effectiveness of ISF/SF ratio during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows is lacking.Moreover,issues such as laboring and circling etc.during perinatal period in sows have a negative impact on both the sows and piglets,which could lead to premature labor or dystocia in sows and the reduction of the survival rate of piglets.According to the research,in a late stage of gestion in sows,adding high fiber supplement daily in the feeds could reduce their stress respond to labor,and reduce the rate of still birth.However,whether adding fiber supplement during perinatal period could improve the reproductive performance of sows would require further exploration and research.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to observe the effects of different IS/SF ratio in gestation feeds on the reproductive performance of sows,and to screen out the optimal ratio;and to further observe the effects of fibers and vitamins on the reproductive permeance of sows during perinatal period and the growth performance of piglets.The major contents and results of this research are as the following:Experiment 1 The effects of different fiber ratio(ISF:SF)during gestation on the antioxidant performance of LY sows and the growth performance of pigletsA total of fifty-two LY sows with similar weight(153.23±1.02 kg),backfat thickness(15.76±0.34 mm)and parity(four piglets)were selected in the trial.After breeding,these sows were divided into four treatments,13 were repeated in each treatment,one sow is repeated in each treatment.Sows were fed with different ISF/SF ratio during gestation(T1:3.89、T2:5.59、T3:9.12、T4:12.81).During lactation period,sows were fed with the same lactation feeds.The system would investigate the effects of ISF/SF ratio during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.This trial would start from sows’ breading and end with weaning after 28 days of lactation period.Blood samples were collected at 30,60,90 and 110 days of gestation and were used for relevant testing.Birth weight and weaning weight of piglets were documented.The main results of the trials are the following:(1)In comparison with the piglets in T3 and T4 groups,the number of weaning(P=0.054)and the litter weaning weight(P=0.064)of piglets in group T1 and T2 has shown an increased trend.(2)The dietary fibers ratio in sows during gestation has significantly affect the antioxidant performance of sows.At 110 days of gestation,the contents of CAT in group T2 were significantly lower than the other three groups(P<0.05).In addition,at 30 days of gestation,the concentration of MDA、CAT、SOD in group T2 were significantly different compared to group T3.No significant difference was found at the 60-and 90-days blood antioxidant index.The above results indicated that:(1)Under the same conditions in this trial,the litter weaning weight and the weaning number of piglets could be improved when the ISF/SF ratio equals to 3.89 and 5.59.(2)Under the same conditions in this trial,sows have shown a maximum improve in the antioxidant performance compared to the other three groups when the ISF/SF ratio equal to 5.59.Experiment 2 The effects of adding multi-fiber and vitamins on the reproductive performance of sows during perinatal period and the growth performance of piglets.The result in experiment one showed that the antioxidant performance of sows and the weaning number and the litter weaning weight could be improved when the gestation ISF/SF ratio is 5.59.Total of thirty-six LY sows with the same parity was selected in this trial.After breeding,fasting weight and backfat thickness was measured at days 90.These sows were divided into CON group and HF group based on their weight and backfat,18 were repeated in each treatment,one sow is repeated in each treatment.Same diets were given during the gestation period with the ISF/SF ratio of 5.59.Weaning from days 105 to21 days of gestation,whereas in HF group,269.02 g of multi-fiber and vitamins were added daily to their diets from 105 days of gestation to three days after labor;Adds 22.55 g of multi-fiber and vitamins daily after 4 days of delivery and 21 days of weaning.Same lactation feeds were given during lactation period.The trail would start from sows’ breeding to 21 days weaning after delivery.The weight and backfat thickness of all sows were measure at 90 days of gestation,the day of delivery,and the day of weaning.The reproductive performance of sows,the ability of lactation and the intake during lactation period were documented.The excrement samples of sows were collected on days three of lactation for the purpose of volatile fatty acids testing.Collect colostrum and the normal milk to test the composition of the milk.Collect blood samples from the sows during labor,14 days of lactation and the day of weaning;Collect blood samples from the piglets during14 days of lactation,and the day of weaning for the purpose of relevant testing.The main results of this trial are as the following:(1)There were no significant effects(P>0.05)on the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins during perinatal period on the total litter number,numbers of survival litters and the total primary litter weight;but the length of labor has been significantly reduced(P<0.05),and it has a decreased trend of the piglets birth intervals(P=0.091).(2)There was a significant increase in the piglets average daily weight(P<0.05)from day 14 to21 and day 0 to 21,with the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period;also has an increased trend on litter weight gain on days 14 to 21(P=0.071)and the individual piglet weight after weaning(P=0.087).(3)There was a significant improved in the concentration of serotonin prostaglandin E2 during sows’ labor with the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period(P<0.05);However,there were no significant effects in the concentration of serum albumin,glucose and other blood biochemical indicators during sows’ labor(P>0.1).The concentration of propionic acid and the total volatile fatty acids in the excrement samples were significantly improved in the HF group compared to the CON group(P<0.05),also it has an improve trend in the concentration of butyric acid in the excrements(P=0.068).(4)The was a significant improved in the concentration of fat and non-fat milk solids in colostrum with the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period(P<0.05);at the same time,the concentration of protein,true protein and urea nitrogen were significant decreased(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the composition of normal milk(P>0.1).(5)There were no significant effects on the serum albumin,total protein and other serum biochemical indicators at 14 days of lactation in the piglets with the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period(P>0.1);However,at 21 days of lactation,the concentration of serum albumin,calcium and total protein in the piglets were significant improved in the HF group compared to the CON group(P<0.05),also has an increased trend in the concentration of aspartic acid aminotransferase and glucose in serum(P=0.080).(6)There were no significant effects on the serum TNF-α 、 IL-10 and other inflammatory factors at 14 days of lactation in the piglets with the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period(P>0.1);at 21 days of lactation,there was a significant decreased in the serum IL-10 concentration in the piglets in HF group compared to the CON group(P<0.05);but there was no significant effect in the concentration of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the serum(P>0.1).(7)The addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period has no significant difference on the antioxidant performance in the plasma during labor and at 14 days of lactation(P>0.1);but the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the sows’ plasma has significantly improved at 21 days of lactation(P<0.05).At 14 days of lactation,the concentration of MDA in the piglets’ plasma was decreased(P<0.05),but it has no significant effect on other antioxidant indicators(P>0.1);At 21 days of lactation,the total antioxidant capacity has significantly improved in the piglets’ plasma in the HF group compared to the CON group(P<0.05),but has no significant effect on the other antioxidant indicators(P>0.1).The above results indicated that:(1)Under the conditions of trail two,the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period have effectively reduce the delivery length of sows as well as the piglets birth intervals,but it has no obvious decreased in the piglets’ mortality;the average daily weight of piglets and the individual piglet weight after weaning was improved in the late lactation period.(2)Under the conditions of trail two,the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period improved the antioxidant capacity of sows to some extent.To sum up,this paper draws the following conclusion:(1)Under the conditions of these trails,the weaning numbers of piglets and the litter weaning weight could be improved when the ISF:SF ratio of dietary fibers equals to 5.59 in sows,and it could improve sows’ antioxidant capacity.(2)Under the conditions of these trails,the addition of multi-fiber and vitamins supplement during perinatal period could shorten sows’ length of delivery and improve the growth performance of piglets as well as the antioxidant capacity of sows. |
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