Effects Of Film Mulching Drip Irrigation And Water And Fertilizer System On Yield And Quality Of Facility Tomato In Ningxia

Facility vegetables have become the pillar industry in Ningxia.In order to ensure the high quality development of the Yellow River Basin and build a water-saving social demonstration area,tomato is selected as the characteristic greenhouse vegetable crop in Ningxia.Under the condition of no film mulching（NM）and film mulching（M）,three water control levels are set up（W₁:upper irrigation limit Q₁=100%FC,W₂:upper irrigation limit Q₂=80%FC,W₃:upper irrigation limit Q₃=70%FC）,and under the condition of film mulching drip irrigation,different water and fertilizer application rates are set（3 levels of irrigation upper limit（W₁:irrigation upper limit Q₁=100%FC,W₂:irrigation upper limit Q₂=80%FC,W₃:irrigation upper limit Q₃=70%FC,FC is the field water capacity）×2 levels of fertilization（F1=80%CK,F2=60%CK））,and compared with local water and fertilizer management system（CK:local water and fertilizer management system,fertilization amount:N 660 kg/hm²-P 325 kg/hm²-K 1085kg/hm²）,the coupling experiment of tomato water and fertilizer in sunlight greenhouse was carried out in the experimental for 3 years base of Shapotou District,Zhongwei City,Ningxia.The results are as follows:（1）The yield of tomato increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation,and the mulching could significantly increase the yield and water production efficiency of tomato.The effects of mulching and water control on the reduced vitamin C,soluble solid and total soluble sugar content of tomato reached a significant level（P<0.01）,and the effect of mulching on titratable acid and sugar acid ratio reached a significant level（P<0.05）.Therefore,for the drip irrigation tomato in Ningxia,the higher yield and better quality can be obtained by mulching cultivation and 80%FC irrigation upper limit.（2）The growth rate of plant height,stem thickness and leaf area index of tomato was the fastest in seedling flowering and fruit setting stage.The dry matter quality of tomato increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation upper limit,but the different water and fertilizer application amount had no significant influence on plant height,stem thickness and leaf area index.Irrigation in 2020 reached a significant level（P<0.05）.The content of nitrate nitrogen in CK soil is mainly accumulated in 50～60 cm,and the root system of CK can not be absorbed,while the nitrate nitrogen in W₂ and W₃ treatment is mainly 20～50 cm,which is beneficial to the re-absorption and utilization of tomato plants.It is beneficial to increase the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index and tomato dry matter quality,and reduce the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil and improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization.（3）Compared with CK,W₂F₁ increased WUE_ETand WUE_I by 47.29%and 61.09%respectively,and decreased water consumption by 42.60%.The yield of tomato increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization,but the difference was not significant（P>0.05）.The interaction of irrigation and water fertilizer had a significant effect on water consumption,water production efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of tomato（P<0.01）,and the effect on partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer reached a significant level（P<0.05）.The effect of Fertilization on partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer reached a significant level（P<0.05）The significant level（P<0.01）.The interaction of irrigation and water fertilizer had a significant effect on the content of soluble solid and fruit hardness of tomato.The interaction between water and fertilizer also had a significant effect on the reduced vitamin C,and the effect of Fertilization on the reduction vitamin C and fruit hardness reached a significant level（P<0.01）,and the effect on soluble solid and titratable acid reached a significant level（P<0.05）.The results showed that the approach of W₃F₁ and W₂F₁ was more than 0.76 by TOPSIS method based on entropy weight method.The better tomato quality could be obtained by selecting W₃F₁ and W₂F₁.Considering the yield and quality of tomato,W₂F₁ treatment with plastic film mulching and drip irrigation,that is,the upper limit of irrigation is 80%FC,the amount of fertilizer is N 460-530 kg/hm²-P 260-350 kg/hm²-K 570-870 kg/hm²,can obtain higher yield and better quality.