Studies Phenotypic Traits And Genetic Diversity On Germplasm Resource Of Proso Millet

Proso millet belong to Geramineae millet genera,with characters of short growth season,drought tolerant,sterile soil grown,as well as good nutritive.Xinjiang is a relatively dry and semi-arid,and dry farming is the main place.Planting drought-resistant and sorghum-resistant crops in such arid areas is an effective way to increase China’s grain output.Studying the genetic diversity of Proso millet is of great significance for exploring the origin of Proso millet and the collection,protection and utilization of germplasm resources.In this study,Xinjiang scorpion was used as the main research material,and the Proso millet germplasm resources were collected from 20 regions,which provided a scientific basis for further research,protection,utilization of Xinjiang Proso millet germplasm resources and selection of new varieties.The main results are as follows:1.The genetic diversity of agronomic traits was evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(PCA).The results showed that the phenotypic characters of 20 Proso millet germplasms were rich,the coefficient of variation was 12.37%and 91.40%,the genetic diversity index was larger,the variation was 0.410-0.809,and the variation coefficient was 12.37%and 0.809,respectively.The results of principal component analysis showed that the first five principal components represented 76.642%information of phenotypic traits of 20 proso millet resources,and their contribution rates were 40.592%、21.253%、8.051%、6.746%,respectively.The results of cluster analysis showed that when the inter-class clustering was 12.5,the 20 species of proso millet were clustered into 2 categories.The first category was mainly Proso millet in the northern Xinjiang and the Kazakhstan,The leaves are short and narrow,which can be used as the parent material for high-yielding breeding purposes,Among them,TKS,TL,ML have high yield per plant and have a high yield,which can further select high-yield materials;the second group is Proso millet in Shaanxi,Gansu and southern Xinjiang,and they are high culms,high grass weight,and long and wide leaves,which can be used as grass material.2.Through the screening of primers,17 pairs of primers were found to be clear and rich in diversity.A total of 193 alleles were identified,of which 144 were polymorphic locis,and the effective isogenic(Nei)and Shannon index(Ⅰ)of primers were 1.3969 and 0.3630,respectively.The discriminative ability of the primers was good.The similarity between materials is between 0.6425 and 0.8342,the average value is 0.7502,the genetic distance is 0.1813 and 0.4424,the average is 0.2616.20 Proso millet were classified by UPGMA classification.HB,ML,BRG from northern Xinjiang of China and WS,YGQ from southern Xinjiang are closely related to HP,HC from Kazakhstan and SHW,SHN,Gansu GS from Shaanxi Province of China.XY,TKS,TL,NLK,JMS from northern Xinjiang of China was clustered with Kazakhstan materials H33 and HK,while SC and YCH from southern Xinjiang and TG from Taigu,Shanxi province.According to reports,the proso millet comes from the Loess Plateau.It can be further inferred that the Xinjiang proso millet comes from the Loess Plateau area.Among them,four Proso millet in southern Xinjiang may be transmitted to the southern part of Xinjiang via the southern section of the Silk Road to the south of Xinjiang and spred to Kazakhstan;The eight pieces of Proso millet material may be transmitted to the northern part of Xinjiang,through the northern section of the Silk Road to the northern part of Xinjiang,and then spread to Kazakhstan.