| BackgroundAllergic diseases are a general term for abnormal immune diseases of the body caused by allergens,characterized by high incidence,wide age distribution,difficult and poor treatment,and high recurrence rate,and the control of allergic diseases focuses on the prevention.Close monitoring of the distribution of allergens in the population is conducive to proactive self-management of allergy patients.Skin Prick Test(SPT)is the simplest primary method to evaluate allergens that cause human immunoglobulin E(ImmunoglobinE,IgE)sensitization.With the advantages of convenience,cost-effectiveness,accuracy and rapidity,it has been widely implemented in the international arena.Henan Province is located in the central plains of China and has a variable transitional continental monsoon climate with high incidence of allergic diseases.The skin prick test is used to get the distribution of common allergen sensitization in the population and facilitate the management of allergic diseases.ObjectiveBy analyzing the skin prick test results of patients with suspected allergic diseases and comparing the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergen stratified in different gender,age group,and year,we get the prevalence of inhaled allergen in Henan Province from 2018 to 2020,aiming to provide data support for the prevention of airway allergic diseases in Henan Province.MethodsCollecting the informations of patients who went to the Department of Respiratory Medicine,Department of Dermatology or Department of Rhinology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2020 and further underwent allergen test in vivo.All patient demographic data and initial diagnoses were recorded,such as skin prick test results of 20 common inhaled allergen.SPSS 21.0 was used for data processing,and the test level was set atα=0.05,and differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.Results1.3265 patients with suspected allergic diseases,the top four positive cases(rate)of 20 inhaled allergen in descending order were:Dermatophagoides farinae with 1018 cases(31.18%),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus with 933 cases(28.58%),cockroaches with 684 cases(20.95%),willow pollen with 596 cases(18.25%),summer and autumn pollen Ⅱ with 537 cases(16.45%).2.81.55%of positive patients showed co-sensitization and 46.35%of positive patients had dust mite and pollen co-sensitization.The 20 inhaled allergen can be clustered into four categories based on their co-sensitization:category 1:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,house dust,cockroach;category 2:late spring pollen,willow pollen,summer and autumn pollenⅠ,ragweed pollen,Humulus scandens pollen,Artemisia pollen,Chinar pollen,poplar pollen,summer and autumn pollen Ⅱ;category 3:cat hair,dog hair;category 4:Cladosporium.,Alternaria,baker’s yeast,Aspergillus,Penicillium.3.Among 2018-2020,the two allergens with the highest positivity rates were both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.The difference in overall positivity rates between years was not statistically significant(χ2=4.776,P=0.092),but the difference in positivity rates for eight inhaled allergen was statistically significant(P<0.05):summer and autumn pollen I,Humulus scandens pollen,Artemisia pollen,late spring pollen,summer and autumn pollen II,cat hair,dog hair,and Alternaria.4.The two allergens with the highest positivity rates in different gender were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.The overall positivity rate was higher in males than in females(χ2=4.776,P=0.092),like the positivity among nine allergens:cockroach,willow pollen,summer and autumn pollen II,summer and autumn pollen I,late spring pollen,Chinar pollen,ragweed pollen,Cladosporium and baker’s yeast,all difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference in the number of allergens co-sensitized by males and females was not statistically significant(U=347617.00,P=0.194)5.The two allergens with the highest positivity rates in different age groups were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.The difference of overall positivity rate among different age groups was statistically significant(χ2=92.157,P<0.05),and positivity rates of 19 inhaled allergen except penicillium are different with statistical significance(P<0.05)in different age groups.There was a negative correlation between age stage and the number of co-sensitized allergens(rs=-0.189,P<0.05),and the difference in the number of co-sensitized allergens was statistically significant(P<0.05)in the two age groups with group spacing over 10 years.Conclusions1.Four most common inhaled allergen in Henan Province are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,cockroach and willow pollen in order,and the absolute dominant allergens are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.2.There is correlation among inhaled allergen,and the closer the species relationship,the stronger the correlation.3.Among 2018-2020,there is a significant change in the positive rate of some pollen allergens,cat hair,dog hair,and Alternaria in Henan Province.Allergy status in Henan Province differed among different groups:the overall positive rate was higher in males than females,but there was no difference in co-sensitization;the positive rate was highest and co-sensitization was the most common in the lower age groups(≤20 years old),and there was a significant difference in co-sensitization among people with age difference of more than 10 years. |
