A Study On Prehistoric Social Life History In The Lower Reaches Of The Yangtze River In China

Based on underground remains and published related research data,this paper studies the development of social life in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river in China from 10,000 to 4,000 years ago.Social life is roughly divided into five aspects: clothing,diet,architecture,transportation and spiritual culture.Clothing is mainly to study and analyze clothing materials,textile tools and accessories three aspects;Diet is mainly agricultural development,food source and structure and food culture development three aspects;Architecture is to explore the form of house,building technology,house function,sleeping mode,etc.Transport mainly analyzes the development of water transport;Spiritual culture is divided into three aspects: custom,religion and musical development.The development of social life in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river has roughly gone through three stages.The second stage is from 7000 to 5800 years ago,mainly hemudu culture and majiabang culture.The third stage is 5800～4000 years ago,mainly songze culture and liangzhu culture.Clothing.In the first stage,only bone needles and simple spinning tools such as spinning wheels and spindles were found.In the second stage,the spinning wheel became smaller,hollow needles appeared,and fragments of ko-hemp cloth and parts of loom were found.In the third stage,the spinning wheel is still an important spinning tool,and the number of bone needles is very small.There are domestic silkworms,and hemp and silk fabrics are found.The weaving machine was found in the anti mountain site,and the weaving method of the weaving machine is still primitive.Diet.In the first stage,there was the domestication of rice,and the domestication of pigs and dogs began.The food source was mainly gathering,fishing and hunting,supplemented by planting rice and raising animals.In the second stage,rice farming was developed.Domestic pigs and dogs have changed markedly in size from wild ones,but hunting and gathering are still the main source of food.The variety of cooking utensils and tableware increased,and the food culture changed.By the third stage,there was a breakthrough in rice farming.The main raising animals were pigs and dogs.Pork and rice became popular food.Liangzhu ancestors liked to use the stove pit.House building.In the first stage,there are few houses,single room and single function.The rise and fall of building A,building B and building C in the Kuahu Bridge Ruins are related to climate change.In the second stage,the houses of hemudu culture are unique long row houses with dry railing,the architectural forms of the majiabang cultural site are varied and uneven.The situation that appeared house cent and indoor hearth.In the third stage,the houses were mostly divided,and there are many sleeping ways,such as sleeping pit,floor mat and so on.There were buildings that were not used for living.The liangzhu culture discovered a huge ancient city and a water conservancy project.Transportation.The earliest canoes in China were found at the Kuahu Bridge Ruins.In the second stage,the zhoulike pottery and wooden oars were unearthed,and the remains of marine fish were also found,indicating that the boats in this period could catch marine fish at sea.In the third stage,not only were wooden oars and canoes unearthed,but also commercial wharves were found at the site of bian jiashan,indicating that there were not only a variety of vessels,but also cargo ships capable of transporting goods.Spiritual culture.The first stage is still in the embryonic stage of the primitive religious consciousness,and some musical instruments,such as pottery drum and bone whistle,which can simply make sound,have been unearthed.In the second stage,the primitive religious consciousness developed and sacrificial pits and human sacrifice appeared.Only bone whistle and Xun were found at Hemudu site.In the third stage,the primitive religion arose in liangzhu culture,and the primitive religion was closely related to the kingship.Xun has developed,but bone whistle has not been found.Jade Bi in Liangzhu culture may be a percussion instrument.The prehistoric social life history of the lower reaches of the Yangtze river was compared with that of the middle reaches of the Yangtze river and Hetao area.It is found that the exchange of natural environment,climate and culture has an important impact on the development of their social life,especially the development of agriculture,animal husbandry and housing construction.The development of textile,water transportation and ancient city in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river is relatively advanced.