A Preliminary Study Of Prehistoric Social Life History In The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River

This topic area in the middle reach of Yangtze river in prehistoric times legacy remains the content of social life as the research object,mainly from the clothing(such as clothes of raw materials and processing procedures and tools,clothing styles and types,etc.),food(such as the source of the ingredients and the structure and machining tools,ingredients in the proportion of wild and cultivated,etc.),(such as living condition and the layout of the settlements,morphology,characteristics and structure of buildings,residential function,inside the room furnishings and building materials and technology,as well as the relationship in the crowd,etc.),line(such as the way people daily,the kinds of transportation and production,Reflected by the traffic and trade in goods,etc.)as well as the cultural and religious(such as People’s Daily life entertainment and supplies,religious worship and idolatry reflects the spirit of faith and possible early text,etc.)the five aspects of content,mainly existing excavations of underground cultural relics and have been published related research data as the foundation,in line with the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts,to efforts to explore and reduction region in the middle reach of Yangtze river life cycle was the face of the prehistoric society.The so-called social life refers to the human life system in a broad sense.In the broad sense,it mainly refers to all the material and spiritual activities of human society,while in the narrow sense,it refers to the general social daily life except social material production and social public activities.Social life is also linked by certain social relations and forms a series of complex and multi-level social phenomena under the comprehensive action of economic,political,cultural,psychological,environmental and other factors.The social life discussed in this topic mainly refers to its narrow sense,which in many cases presents the situation of mutual integration and mutual penetration,involving clothing,diet,architecture,transportation and belief,which are all aspects of human general daily life,reflecting the unity of material life and spiritual life.The social life history describes the operation process of social life in human history,which involves and relates to many disciplines such as history,sociology,economics,ethnology,anthropology and archaeology,and is an interdisciplinary academic history.To give a more complete description of the social life history,its content covers the environment,population,residence,town gathering,marriage,burial,transportation,diet,clothing,medical treatment,religion and many other aspects.Due to the length,this paper only chooses food,clothing,housing,transportation,culture and religion for preliminary research and discussion.The prehistoric society in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river can be roughly divided into five stages.The first stage(about 10000 to 7800 years)mainly includes pengtou mountain culture and chengbeixi culture.The second stage(about 7800 to6800 years)mainly includes the lower level culture of zaoshi city,gaomiao culture and datang culture.The third stage(about 6800 to 5500 years)mainly includes three types of tangjiagang culture and daxi culture.The fourth stage(about 5500 to 5000years)mainly includes qujialing culture;The fifth stage(about 5000 to 3900 years)mainly includes the shijiahe culture and the later shijiahe culture.Clothing aspect.In the first stage,there were many cultural decorations and decorations in pengtou mountain,and spinning wheels and bone needles appeared for the first time in chengbeixi culture.In this period,people’s clothing wearing was in the initial stage,but they already knew to beautify their appearance and clothes with ornaments.In the second stage,the decorations and textile tools of the gaomiao culture both show that people’s aesthetic requirements for wearing are further improved.In the third stage,linen cloth was first discovered in chengtoushan ancient city,which is the earliest textile relic that has been found.The spinning wheel has different shapes and systems,which reflects the further development and progress of clothing textile technology in this period.In the fourth stage,the spinning wheel of qujialing culture was not only diversified but also small in size and shape,indicating that the spinning thread was refined and the clothing quality was improved,and the textile industry also had a large scale.In the fifth stage,after the shijiahe culture,it was found that a large number of jade figure images had been dressed up with hats,earrings,etc.,which reflected the further development of clothing wearing in this period and the improvement of people’s living standards.Food materials and production and processing.In the first stage,during the pengtou mountain culture period,small-scale artificial rice planting and livestock raising were adopted.In the chengbei river culture,most of the animal food materials came from wild hunting and fishing.In the second stage,rice farming was further developed,and the proportion of animal and plant food materials was increased after cultivation and processing.In the period of lower culture in zaoshi,there were artificial crops such as rape and dry grain in gaomiao culture,which changed the previous mode of hunting wild animals directly.The third stage,the official of paddy planting and irrigation,the occurrence of millet and civil exchanges and the expansion of the food species,Cheng Tou mountain site also found job ’s-tears,small gourd,cucumber,wax gourd edible vegetables,such as artificial processing and wild for animals and plants as well as the fishing and hunting economy is still important ingredients added,salt industry in fjard area also has a preliminary economic development.In the fourth stage,rice farming has become an important leading and staple food,livestock breeding industry has also emerged to a certain extent,and plant processing and fishing and hunting economy are also important ways to grab food materials.At that time,people’s main food materials are mainly rice,but still have both farming and fishing and hunting economy.In the fifth stage,people have the consciousness of specialized food storage.Rice farming is the main agricultural industry with a small amount of millet.Rice farming brings surplus products.Settlement and housing.Eighty Dang site appeared as early as the first stage,a wall in settlements,peng mountain culture site building types can be divided into the ground type column,half crypt type,dry type,high table four classes.In the second stage,although the residential address was found to be few,the construction level developed.The ground and wall began to pave the stewed earth surface.The lower culture in zaoshi generally used the stewed earth paving ground and the barbecue wall to reinforce and insulate the damp.In the third stage,large ancient city sites withwalls and moats began to appear.The technology of multi-room buildings and wood bone to reinforce the walls appeared for the first time.In addition,there were high-standard buildings whose functions might be used for ancestor worship or ceremonies.In the fourth stage,standard brick-fired,lime-fired and cement-fired buildings appeared.In the fifth stage,the architectural styles of shijiahe type housing sites include semi-underground cavern type,shallow cavern type,and pedestal type,etc.,which reflects that people pay more attention to practicality and the intersection of advanced architectural technologies.Traffic.In the first stage,the people of pengtou mountain culture had known to pave the road to facilitate the road.In the second stage,there are still traces of road surface,indicating that road construction is a necessary means for people to travel.In the third stage,OARS were found in the ancient city of daxi cultural chengtou mountain,indicating the development of waterway transportation and shipbuilding industry.Generally,watergate was opened in the city to facilitate waterway transportation.The fourth stage,this period of transport should also be for shipping.Entertainment culture and religious belief.The score of the site of the first stage,peng mountain symbols may possess the characteristics of text,eighty Dang site suspected early altar,city culture appeared back on suspected early text and south of the earliest portrait stone carvings.In the second stage,the high temple culture in the yuanshui river basin was an important religious and cultural center at that time,and its influence on the surrounding and later cultures was very profound.The large sacrificial field also showed the development of religious sacrificial rites and the high status of witchcraft sacrificial rites at that time.In the third stage,the mound altar was found in the ancient city,which should be an important place for sacrifice.In the fourth stage,cylindrical vessels symbolizing male ancestor "ancestor" were used for sacrifice,indicating that the patriarchal worship society had entered at that time.Some spinning wheels also reflected people’s awareness of celestial body worship.At that time,social classes were quite hierarchical,and primitive ritual system should also appear.In the fifth stage,suspected religious articles such as sets of urns were prevalent,and cultural customs were also rich and colorful.The portraits of jade and pottery were likely to be the images of tribal leaders or grand wizards.In the whole shijiahe culture and the post-shijiahe culture,the strengthening of social management had reached the peak.The first chapter of this paper is the introduction of the research.The second chapter introduces the sequence of prehistoric archaeological culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river.Chapter three to chapter seven introduces the development of clothing,food,shelter,transportation,culture and religion in the five stages of prehistoric society in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river.The last chapter makes a full conclusion.