The Study On The Changes And Effects Of Border Trade In Tumen River Basin In Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty and Korea carried out long-term trade exchanges in Tumen River area,which was initially reflected in the mutual market trade under the tributary system of suzerain and vassal state,mainly including the public market trade with the merchants and people of the two countries as the main trade body,at the same time,it also had the forms of private market trade and horse market trade.Its essence was the border trade under the tributary system of suzerain,and the public trade was the main form of trade in this period the grade scale is small,which has little impact on the economic development of the two countries.In the second half of the 19th century,the Qing Dynasty and Korea were gradually involved in the tide of capitalism under the invasion of Western power.Before 1882,although the trade between the two countries in the Tumen River area was threatened by Japan,they still carried out in the trade under the "tributary system of suzerain and vassal".By 1882,border trade between the Qing Dynasty and Korea in Tumen River area was constantly impacted by Western powers and Japan.In order to maintain the traditional tributary system of China and Korea and protect the dominant position of Qing Dynasty as a suzerain state in Korea,the Qing government changed its political strategy,changed its conservative political policy,and strengthened its control and interference in Korea.At the same time,it began to follow the example of Western countries in economy and regulate the border trade between China and Korea by drawing on the trade rules and treaties with modern free trade color Yi,the signing of the articles of association and treaties such as the Chinese and South Korean merchants’land and water trade regulations is a typical sign of the decline of the mutual market trade under the traditional suzerain vassal tribute and the opening of the new modern free trade,which began to form the dual track parallel trade form under the joint action of the traditional suzerain tributary system and the modern treaty system.This measure was a timely adjustment of border trade on the basis of consolidating the suzerain vassal relationship between the two countries.The signing of a series of articles of association marked the beginning of the transition from traditional tributary trade to modern free trade,which is of great significance to the development of border trade in the Tumen River area.The Sino Japanese war resulted in the defeat of the Qing Dynasty.The Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan.This treaty not only represented the end of the Sino Korean suzerain vassal relationship,but also brought changes to the whole Sino Korean trade relations.The financial independence of the Qing Dynasty was broken,and the form of Sino Korean border trade slightly changed to commercial port trade.The commercial port trade in this stage reflects the equal relationship between the two countries as sovereign states.It shows the modern trade from between relatively independent countries under the treaty system.It also reflects the characteristics of gradually weakening the color of suzerain and vassal state,the liberalization of trade elements,the system of transaction forms and standardization,which means that the border trade relationship between the two countries has begun to change to the modern free trade relationship。Regardless of the fact that the commercial port trade stage got rid of the influence of the tributary system,it was still faced with the risk of being divided and contested by the Western powers.On the whole,the border trade of the Tumen River area changed with the political and economic changes of the two countries.Especially in the late Qing Dynasty,the border trade of Tumen river changed from traditional trade to free trade in the environmental transition from unequal treaty to equality treaty,showing different development paths and characteristics,which had a far-reaching impact on the economic development of the two countries influence.At the same time,the development of border trade between China and Korea has brought many inspirations to the development of economic and trade relations between modern China and the countries on the Korean Peninsula:first,China should strengthen its determination to develop border trade;second,it should take practical measures to further promote border trade cooperation...