Research On Road And Field Affairs In Shanxi In The Northern Song

At the beginning of the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty,in order to consolidate border security and promote the development of the commodity economy,rulers gradually established a relatively complete system of field affairs from the central to the local level.Shaanxi Road,one of the border roads in the Northern Song Dynasty,had a complex ethnic structure and frequent military wars.Its geographical location and strategic position were of vital importance to the Northern Song Dynasty.Therefore,the establishment of Shaanxi road field services has become necessary and possible.The field services set up by the court on Shaanxi Road mainly include tea,salt,wine tax,pit smelting field services and exchanges,municipal trade affairs,and handover services.Shaanxi Road was affected by military,political,economic and other factors at the time,and the Zhuzhou Army set up various types and large numbers of fields.Among them,there are 332 tea shops,292 wine shops,and 232 commercial and taxation shops.The government has also used abundant natural resources to set up salt farms and pits and smelting shops,and in some state forces,it has set up discounting and trading services,etc.Field service agency.In terms of spatial distribution,the regional characteristics are obvious.In terms of the mode of operation,official operations are the mainstay,supplemented by buying and selling operations.In terms of management institutions,from the central point of view,there are the Third Division,Sinong Temple,and the Ministry of Households,while Shaanxi Road is dominated by supervision agencies such as the Transshipment Division,the Changping Division,and the Division of Prisons and Prisons.Prefects,county officials and other prefectures and counties also participated in the supervision of field affairs.At the same time,the court set up special supervisors to manage field affairs,forming a relatively strict field supervision system from top to bottom.In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty,the frequent wars with Xixia still led to an increase in the number of troops stationed along the border in Shaanxi.Military expenditures became more and more huge,and the local government was facing financial difficulties.In addition,at that time,the land transportation of grain and grass to Shaanxi was a long way along the border,and there was little water transportation,so it was difficult to transport grain and grass.The Northern Song Dynasty government built a field system on Shaanxi Road,which partially solved the problem of low-grade grain transportation,alleviated the local financial distress,provided financial support for its military supplies,and consolidated the northwest frontier defense in the Northern Song Dynasty.The operation and management of Shaanxi road yards alleviated the shortage of military supplies in wartime conditions,promoted the further development of Shaanxi regional economy and Silk Road trade,and played a decisive role in the formation and development of the northwestern regional market in the Northern Song Dynasty.However,there have been drawbacks in the operation of the field,such as monopolizing materials and double taxation,which has increased the burden on the people and hindered the circulation of goods to a certain extent.