The Change Of Thinking Mode Of Marx’s Practical Philosophy In The History Of Philosophy

There are two clues in the development of traditional philosophy,one is the specific philosophical theory,the other is the thinking mode behind the philosophical theory.Compared with the ancient ontology,the modern epistemology has made some improvements in the philosophical theory,but they are still limited in the traditional substantive thinking,so there is no real change.The ancient ontological philosophy and the modern epistemological philosophy are constructed in the way of entity thinking.They are separated from the living practice activities,trying to explain the object in a non practical and abstract way,hoping to find the absolute entity hidden behind the sensible world,and take it as the ultimate basis to explain everything.This leads to the dichotomy of subject and object,theory and practice,which not only can not explain the law of the generation and development of human society,but also can not explain the problem of human cognitive ability in modern epistemology,and can not solve the problem of opposition between the natural world and the human world.The problem of the old philosophy is that it is completely divorced from human’s real activities to make a non practical and non historical interpretation and explanation of the world.No matter how it is improved internally,it is essentially trying to explain the world with abstract theory.Based on the traditional practical philosophy,Marx created his own practical philosophy by transforming Aristotle’s theory of moral practice and Bacon’s theory of instrumental practice.Through practice,Marx realized the transcendence of traditional philosophy,which is manifested in two aspects: on the one hand,the change refers to the change of philosophical theory,including the change of material view,epistemology and freedom view;on the other hand,it refers to the change of thinking mode behind practical philosophy,that is,replacing traditional entity thinking with relational thinking It shows that the static and isolated way of thinking is replaced by the bidirectional and intermediary way of thinking.In fact,this change is caused by the change of the status of practice in philosophy.Traditional philosophy has always regarded practice as the opposite of theory,so it has not changed the traditional way of thinking.However,Marx put practice at the core of his philosophy and regarded theory only as a link or stage of practice,so he realized the real change.