| Aging population has become a common phenomenon all over the world.Subjective well-being(SWB)is regarded as a key indicator of successful aging,which can measure how well the elderly adapt to life and plays an important role in health protection in terms of reducing disease risk and prolonging life.Many factors can affect the SWB of the elderly,among which the ability of daily living(ADL)and loneliness are one of the important factors,especially for the elderly in nursing homes.Because of the physical and mental functions of the elderly in nursing homes,the ADL has a great influence on the social participation and SWB of the elderly.At the same time,previous studies have found that the elderly in nursing homes face more serious mental health problems than other ways of supporting the elderly,among which loneliness is the most important reason,which leads to a more unfavorable SWB of the elderly in nursing homes.However,due to the acceleration of social mobility and China’s one-child policy,living in nursing homes will become an important way of supporting the elderly in the future.Therefore,we need to take active measures to improve the SWB of the elderly in nursing homes.Based on the resource conservation theory,psychological capital(Psy Cap),as the positive psychological resources of the elderly,plays a positive role in promoting the active aging of the elderly and improving the SWB of the elderly.However,the current research on Psy Cap is mostly in the field of organizational behavior,and the role of Psy Cap in the elderly group has not been sufficiently studied.Therefore,this study attempts to explore the Psy Cap of the elderly and its relationship with SWB,and tries to use Psy Cap to explain the mechanism between loneliness or ADL and SWB.Study 1 adopts the method of questionnaire survey to understand the relationship between Psy Cap and SWB of the elderly in nursing homes,and further explore the relationship between ADL,loneliness and SWB of the elderly in nursing homes as well as the mediating role of Psy Cap.Study 2used a randomized controlled experimental design to explore the effect of 10-day brief mindfulness intervention on the Psy Cap of the elderly in nursing homes and to further verify its mediating effect,and to explore the long-term effect of brief mindfulness intervention on the Psy Cap intervention effect of the elderly one month after the end of the mindfulness intervention.The results are as follows:(1)There is a significant correlation between the elderly’s daily living ability,loneliness and subjective well-being.(2)Psy Cap mainly affects the SWB of the elderly through three dimensions: optimism,resilience and self-efficacy.(3)The Psy Cap of the elderly completely mediates the relationship between ADL and SWB,and partly mediates the relationship between loneliness and SWB.(4)Brief mindfulness intervention can improve the Psy Cap of the elderly,and then improve the SWB of the elderly.This study found that the ADL and loneliness of the elderly in nursing homes would affect their Psy Cap and then their SWB level.Specifically,the decline of the SWB of the elderly in nursing homes is not due to the direct impact of various negative factors that the elderly face,but because these negative factors lead to the decline of the Psy Cap of the elderly and consume the internal positive psychological resources of the elderly.Therefore,Psy Cap plays an important role in maintaining the SWB of the elderly.When the elderly have more positive psychological resources,the influence of other factors such as ADL and loneliness will be less,which means that when we have enough positive psychological resources,we will have more ability to resist the negative influence of the outside world,and we can better maintain positive psychological state and happiness level.Therefore,improving the Psy Cap of the elderly has a profound impact on maintaining and improving the level of SWB. |
