The Change Of Buddhist Heads In Sinicization Of Buddhism ——Taking The Grottoes In Henan In The Northern Dynasties As An Example

The introduction of Buddhist art into China began around the first century AD,and then an art discipline with Buddhist statues as its main element emerged in China.After a long history,Buddhist art gradually emerged with the characteristics of local art.The object of observation in this paper is the statue of Buddha’s head,and the focus of the study is on the Sinicization of Buddhism in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.After collecting various data,the author divides the main body of the article into three parts.The first chapter is about the artistic characteristics of the Buddha head,mainly about the standard of good-looking statues,and discusses the Buddha head cases in the statues unearthed in the Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave,Binyang Cave and Yongning Temple;the second chapter is about the Buddha in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.The evolution of the shape of the head in Sinicization is mainly aimed at the relationship between the main popular style of the show-bone clear image in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Buddhist statues,and specifically explains how the shape of the Buddha’s head changed from the early to the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.The third chapter is about the Henan area of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.The reasons for the formation of differences in Buddhist statues mainly discuss the regional characteristics of Henan and the transmission and interaction between Buddhist statues and surrounding areas.After sorting out,the following two conclusions are drawn.First,the process of the Sinicization of Buddhist statues in the Southern and Northern Dynasties went through three stages,from absorbing more foreign style features,to trying to shape foreign themes with local techniques,and finally to nationalization and secularization.This is a gradual process.Second,after Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang,he carried out a large-scale excavation of the Longmen Grottoes.The style of Longmen statues in the early Southern and Northern Dynasties was directly influenced by the statues of Yungang Grottoes.In the middle and late period,they learned and communicated with Tianlongshan and Xiangtangshan Grottoes,and began an independent exploration stage.This article attempts to extract sensibility from rationality and jointly explore the aesthetic value of Buddhist art.