Research On The Legal System Of The Arctic International Seabed Area

Global climate change and ecological security are increasingly becoming the focus of the world.The Arctic is a key link to global climate change.The global concern of Arctic affairs has also made the Arctic a "global common concern." With the global warming,the melting of snow and ice,and the development of science and technology,the exploration and development of mineral resources in the Arctic international seabed area has gradually become possible.In order to balance the development of Arctic resources and environmental protection,it is necessary to carry out collaborative processing in various aspects such as legislation,organization and system security to achieve sustainable development of Arctic resources.The current legislation for the exploration and exploitation of resources in the Arctic international seabed area mainly includes the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,the three mineral-related prospecting and exploration regulations formulated by the International Seabed Authority,as well as the "mining regulations"being developed.With the expiration of the first batch of exploration contracts,the International Seabed Authority put the commercial development of the international seabed resources on the agenda.But at present,the draft of "mining regulations" still have defects about the environmental standards,supervision measures,penalties and sanctions,and there are no strict standards in special sea areas such as the Arctic Ocean,which need to be considered in the "mining regulation s".Secondly,in the management of the Arctic international seabed area,the cross-administration of the International Seabed Authority and the Arctic Council is involved.The Arctic International Seabed Regional Activities require the joint management of the two administrations.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the relevant systems for the coordinated management of the Arctic international seabed area.Finally,based on the related system of the existing resource exploration and exploitation in the international seabed area,combined with the Arctic ecological specificity,the improvement of the preventive method of environmental protection in parallel development system,including the organization of construction,preventive measures and the formulation of procedural standards;The procedures need to improve the review standards at all stages,especially the construction of external participation transparency,and establish an information exchange platform;to improve the current guarantee the sponsoring state’s responsibility,it is necessary to introduce more stringent the liability without fault,so that the environmental protection of deep-sea mining is more Guaranteed.This paper synthesizes the existing international legal documents related to the Arctic international seabed area,and combines China’s "Deep Sea Law" to explore the legal path of China’s participation in the exploration and development of resources in the Arctic international seabed area.On the one hand,we should strengthen the participation of China’s Arctic affairs from the perspective of international law under the concept of "Community of common destiny for all mankind",including deep participation in the affairs of relevant international organizations as observers or members,actively participate in Arctic scientific investigations and increase environmental input.Policy and technology support the exploration and development of resources in the Arctic international seabed region.On the other hand,relying on the "mining regulations" and China’s "Deep Sea Law",improve the domestic environmental impact assessment system and adapt to "the area",improve the environmental monitoring and protection system of "the area",and constantly improve relevant domestic legislation and strengthen International cooperation and exchanges provide ideas for China’s exploration and development of international seabed resources in special sea areas such as the Arctic Ocean.