A Study On The Influencing Mechanism Of Pre-school Education Financial Expenditure-Based On The Perspective Of Urban And Rural Women’s Income

Since 2010,the pattern of the development of preschool education in my country has undergone major changes.The three-year enrollment rate for pre-school education has increased from 50.9%in 2010 to 83.4%in 2019.The level of financial investment in pre-school education has also increased rapidly,and the ratio of pre-school education financial expenditure to GDP has increased from 0.06%in 2010 to 0.18 in 2016%.But the dominant discourse of increasing penetration and investment levels may obscure other important issues,and equity is one of them.Preschool education fairness is the foundation of education fairness and even social fairness,and financial fairness,as an important external condition for the realization of preschool education fairness,should be included in the scope of scholars’investigation.Barnett pointed out that the fair distribution of preschool education resources can break the intergenerational cycle of poverty by promoting the academic success and income growth of disadvantaged children,and it can also positively affect gender by supporting low-income women to participate in the labor market and increasing their income.equality.At present,many domestic scholars have paid attention to the fairness between urban and rural areas,between different types of kindergartens(such as citizens run kindergartens),and between different regions,and they are concerned about the development of children under this mechanism,but few scholars have paid attention The main bearer of the private sector caring for preschool children is married women.Therefore,this article takes education finance as the starting point,focuses its perspective on married and childbearing women,and deeply explores the impact of improving child care services on the female labor market.The research significance of this article is that in the process of my country’s transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy in the 1980s,the functions and services of social reproduction originally shared by the state through units have gradually been socialized and transferred to individual families(CookandDong,2011).From 1997 to 2000,the total number of kindergartens in our country remained at about 180,000.Afterwards,state-owned enterprises "closed and transferred" their kindergartens in the reform.The total number of kindergartens dropped sharply to 110,000 in 2001 and was not restored until 2012.180 thousand.At present,scholars generally believe that the Chinese government has insufficient investment in pre-school education financial funds,and the investment is uneven across regions.This insufficiency has led to the transition from socialization to privatization of child rearing.The impact of this transition on families is mainly reflected in married people.For women,because a large number of married women take on the main role of caring for children in the family.Therefore,mothers,as the main caregivers of children,also bear the impact of education finances.Therefore,if the childcare pressure of women can be effectively reduced by improving public services for childcare in rural areas,the opportunity cost of women’s employment can be reduced,thereby further improving the efficiency of human resource allocation,releasing the potential for economic growth,and further promoting Gender equality in Chinese society.At the same time,whether the impact on disadvantaged female groups caused by regional differences caused by the investment of education financial funds will bring another round of income differences,and how to alleviate such differences is also an issue that needs to be resolved at the current policy level.The research content of this article mainly includes five aspects.First,this article sorts out the previous literature into two branches,one summarizes the system characteristics and current problems of preschool financial investment,and the other summarizes the impact of childcare on the female labor market.Second,use Tobit and Clad to regress the benchmark model to initially observe the relationship between preschool education expenditures and women’s income.Third,according to the urban and rural areas and whether they have the status of the state-owned system,a sub-sample regression is carried out to study the heterogeneous impact of preschool expenditures on different female groups.Fourth,the gross enrollment rate and per-student education expenditure as well as women’s employment participation rate and working hours are used as intermediary variables to analyze the mechanism of preschool education expenditures to increase women’s income.Fifth,the income of the husbands of the female sample group in this article is regressed to conduct a robustness test.The conclusion of this article is that,first,the government’s expenditure on preschool education funds significantly and positively affects women’s income.Second,the government’s expenditure on pre-school education has different effects on women’s income in urban and rural areas,and there are also differences between women with state-owned system status and non-state-owned system status.Pre-school education expenditures have a positive and significant impact on urban and women with state-owned system status,but not significant for rural women and women without state-owned system status.Third,the mechanism analysis shows that from the perspective of the impact of government expenditure on preschool education expenditure on female labor force,for rural women,the expansion of preschool education expenditure is more to further affect women’s income by increasing the female employment participation rate.;For urban women,the expansion of pre-school education expenditures also further affects women’s income by increasing women’s employment participation rate and working hours.From the perspective of the influence of government expenditures on pre-school education funds on the supply of pre-school education,the expansion of pre-school education expenditures improves the quality of pre-school education and only has a mediating effect on the income of urban women.The innovation of this article is to further lock the perspective on married women through the introduction of preschool education finance,and select sample data from 31 provinces to empirically study the causal relationship between preschool education finance and the urban and rural female labor market.However,there are still many shortcomings in this research.First of all,in view of the sample size and data quality,this paper only uses the cross-sectional data of 2016 to perform regression analysis.At the same time,due to the lack of distribution data of public parks and private parks,it is impossible to further explore the impact of the characteristics of preschool education funding on the female labor market.