Marx’s Thought Of Free Time And Its Contemporary Value Research

As the basis of Marx’s criticism of capital logic and his blueprint of human emancipation,free time is an important category to understand his philosophical thought.To fully grasp Marx’s thought of free time,we should not only deeply cultivate the textual connotation of the original work,but also activate the contemporary value of the theory.On the one hand,free time essentially belongs to the category of social time,and we should pay full attention to the specific characteristics of free time in terms of quantity and quality under different social forms,as well as the logical correlation between free time and labor time,leisure time and other concepts.On the other hand,free time is based on people’s practical activities,so it is necessary to pay full attention to the value implication of free time,gradually realize people’s realistic freedom in specific social and historical situations,and promote human’s free and all-round development.The unique meaning of Marx’s thought of free time is embodied in the comparison with the previous western philosophy of time,which is the unity of inheritance and transcendence.The objectification and subjectivization of time constitute two characteristics of the western philosophy of time respectively.Marx’s thought of free time relies on the objective revelation of the timing law with the time evenly elapsing as the core,and is more related to the subjective interpretation of the value of existence based on the premise of human subject cognition.The western philosophy of time has theoretical limits in three aspects: the desalination of the source of time experience,the obscuration of the history of time,and the contrast between time and freedom,which provides theoretical possibilities for the growth and transcendence of Marx’s thought of free time.The main meaning of Marx’s thought of free time should be analyzed from three aspects: formation,connotation and characteristics.Before the concept of free time was formally proposed,Marx’s thinking on the relationship between freedom and time went through three stages: the perceptual free time view with contingency as the medium,the labor free time view with practice as the core and the social free time view with history as the premise.In terms of connotation,Das Kapital and its manuscripts formally put forward the concept of free time and elucidated it systematically.Free time is opposite to necessary labor time and is positioned in the social time structure.The title of free time refers to the time wealth for human’s free and all-round development on the premise of unnecessary labor,which is divided into two parts in structure: leisure time and higher-level activity time.In terms of features,free time is premised on people’s practical activities and its objective evolution of quantity and quality,subject to the limit of the historical law of productivity and production relations.Free time presents the value meaning of positive existence,life scale,development space and its thought characteristics of practicality,historicity,value,profoundly reveals the regularity and purposiveness of organic unity.The theoretical significance of Marx’s thought of free time is related to the study of promoting the thought of wholeness.Free time is based on the actual human production activities,which confirms the realistic subject of social and historical changes,promotes the formation of the theory of social form,and outlines the scientific picture of historical materialism.Free time in capitalist society is related to necessary labor time and surplus labor time,which reflect the exploitation state of labor force together,and deepen the theoretical analysis of surplus value in terms of historical generation,expression form and extinction law.The liberation of human means the realization of human’s free and all-round development,which depends on the demise of class society and the socialized occupation of free time.Free time bridges the value gap between "should" and "existing" in the realization of freedom,and as one of the necessary conditions for the free and all-round development of human freedom,it promotes the comprehensive development of the needs,abilities,personalities and social relations of everyone and all people in the communist society,and helps realize the value of human liberation.The contemporary value of Marx’s free time thought returns to the realistic observation of contemporary society.The new scientific and technological revolution has promoted the theoretical extension of free time in quantity,but people in modern society have not realized the positive use of free time in quality.To fully occupy and utilize free time,on the one hand,it is necessary to eliminate the alienation of leisure time,face up to the social erosion of consumerism,rationally construct the scientific relationship between production and consumption,and vigorously resist the infiltration of capital logic.On the other hand,we should pay attention to the full use of higher-level activity time and the improvement of the quality of people’s leisure life.While the country actively guides the benign development of leisure culture,citizens should also consciously form a civilized and healthy leisure life style to jointly contribute to the realization of a better life.