The Historical Evolution Of Tribal Issues In Somalia

The Somali tribal system has long existed in the political and cultural life of Somalia,and evolved the typical characteristics of the Somali nation in the historical development of hundreds of years.Somalia is located in the "Horn of Africa",the unique climate and cultural factors make this region gave birth to human civilization very early,the tribal era also began.Somali tribesmen converted to Islam sometime between the ninth and tenth centuries,after which the entire tribe became a new group under the banner of Islam.Along with the blending of Arab Islamic culture and traditional tribal culture,Somalia has formed a unique cultural system with national characteristics.The Islamic belief not only brought knowledge and culture to Somalia,but also endowed the Somali tribes with a new organizational form,which had an important impact on the historical evolution of the Somali tribal society.Until the 19 th century,Somalia was still in a tribal system and had not yet established an independent nation-state.After experiencing the profound disaster of being colonized,the Somali tribal society began to form a unique nationalism and began a series of activities to resist colonial aggression.During the whole colonized period,the colonial government managed and integrated the tribes to a certain extent.In 1950,the United Nations authorized Italy and Britain to carry out trusteeship rule over Somalia,during this period Somalia achieved the most profound development in history,the tribe entered a new period of development.After ten years of trusteeship,it was established as an independent country in1960.The establishment of a new country did not promote social stability and peaceful development,but resulted in the succession of tribal conflicts due to the dual colonial heritage issues.How to balance the reality and political interests among the numerous tribes has become the basis of solving the Somali issue.By describing the form of Somali tribal organization,this paper analyzes the historical evolution of tribal issues in various periods,and based on this,discusses the logical interaction between Somali tribes and state construction.The first chapter mainly describes the general situation of Somali tribes,explaining the early origin and development of Somali tribes.The basic outline of Somali tribal society is constructed by discussing the genealogy,living and organizing ways,belief system and language system of Somali tribes.The second chapter mainly analyzes the historical evolution of the ancient Somali tribes,including the early kingdom under the tribal form and the development of the tribes after the introduction of Islam,and discusses in detail the important influence of the Arab Islamic culture on the Somali tribal society.The third chapter mainly analyzes the development of Somali tribes in the period of colonization and trusteeship,combing the emergence of Somali tribal nationalism and the outbreak of tribal resistance to colonization.By analyzing the internal integration and innovation of the tribes carried out by the colonial government and the United Nations trustees,this paper discusses the concrete changes of the Somali tribal society before it develops into a nation-state.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the nation and nation-state construction on the basis of Somali tribes.Firstly,a series of measures of tribal system innovation in the modern state construction of Somalia Republic and Somalia Democratic Republic after 1960 were summarized,and the influence and function of tribal system on state construction and governance were analyzed.Secondly,it describes the process of state construction in Somalia after the "civil war",analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of tribal structure,ethnic conflict and contemporary Islamic extremism in the modern state construction,and explores a new way of state construction in Somalia.The conclusion part traces back the historical evolution of the Somali tribal issues and analyzes the reasons why Somalia failed to construct nation-states for several times.External factors such as the intervention of great powers,colonial transformation and the United Nations trusteeship have never been able to help Somalia establish a unified and stable nation-state.Only by carrying out internal reform on the tribal basis and giving play to the dynamic mechanism of peace,reconciliation and cooperation in the tribal system can Somalia break the dilemma of state construction and build a unified and peaceful modern country.