Study On The Changes In Livelihoods Capitalof Relocated Farmers

Based on the theory of sustainable livelihoods analysis,this paper takes partial resettlement sites in 20 villages in 7 towns under Zigui and Jianshi counties,relocated farmers for poverty alleviation in Zigui and Jianshi as the research area and objects,using evaluation index system of 5 types of livelihood capitals to observe and study the sample relocated farmers’ actual livelihood situation and subsequent change range of the livelihood capital after the relocation project.The study found that the livelihood capital value of the relocated farmers has been greatly improved,the comprehensive value of financial capital after the relocation has increased the most,and the value of physical capital and social capital has also increased to a certain extent,but the value of natural capital and human capital has decreased in different degrees.The specific changes are as follows:After the relocation,the financial capital growth of relocated farmers was the fastest,at 115.38%.Among them,the main reason is that the agricultural income,wage income,transfer income and financing channels of relocated farmers have been greatly improved.The expansion of income channels and the implementation of industrial poverty alleviation have made the relocated farmers’ agricultural& wage income higher.Also,the improvement of policies such as the minimum living guarantee and the new rural cooperative medical system,a series of financial support policies and strong financial credit support,have broadened the diversified financing channels for relocated farmers.After the relocation,the physical capital growth of relocated farmers was the second fastest,at 29.89%.Among them,Among them,the four measurement indicators of housing structure,stock of livestock,ease of receiving education medical services are the main reasons for physical capital increase.Farmers relocate from mountainous areas dominated by earth-wood and brick-wood structures to brick-concrete houses in areas with improved living conditions and convenient areas.The government equipped with pig pens、 garden fields、 standardized clinics,and constructed community primary schools 、education and road traffic projects in the resettlement sites,which completely improved the production and living conditions of farmers.In addition,some farmers have gradually acquired a number of fixed assets such as durable goods and farm tools for production,which has also increased the level of their physical capital.After the relocation,the social capital growth of relocated farmers was the third fastest,at 4.65%.Because the choice of relocation method is centralized resettlement in the administrative village.The "five connections" project opens up the water and circuit infrastructure,unified construction and centralized resettlement,so that farmers can stay in a broader and centralized resettlement site,get help from work team and cadres.Relocated farmers’ social relationships became richer,their scope of daily communication has also expanded to public officials in the same village,obtained the right to speak and sense of respect.The resettlement sites have complete infrastructure such as water,electricity,and greening,Most sites are equipped with solar energy and cable television.The status of obtaining network communication support has been significantly improved,contributing a large part of the added value of relocated farmers’ social capital.After the relocation,the human capital decline of relocated farmers was the second fastest,at 11.63%.It shows that although the number of labor force and the number of skill training days have increased slightly,in terms of physical health,most of the relocated households have left-behind old people.With the increase of age,their physical conditions are deteriorating,and farmers’ awareness of participation and enthusiasm in various skill trainings are low,led to poor training effect,feedback and practice in the later stage.After the relocation,the natural capital decline of relocated farmers was the fastest,at 19.05%.The main reason is that due to the government’s“ returning farmland to forests” policy,relocated farmers lost some arable land,but forest land area has increased,and the nature of irrigated land or arable land with a slope >25° and droughts in some areas caused the situation that soil quality&quantity status is not good,but,the irrigation water source is guaranteed,the irrigation water facilities of the farmland are improved after the relocation,and the soil quality is slightly improved.Itemized and overall analysis based on livelihood capital of relocated farmers,the overall livelihood level of farmers in Zigui and Jianshi counties has been improved after relocation for poverty alleviation.The value of livelihood capital has changed from 0.40 to 0.46,increased 15%,there has been an increase of 0.06,indicating that relocation policies in Zigui and Jianshi for poverty alleviation have a relatively significant effect.The value of physical capital is the highest after relocation,indicating that relocation have a great driving effect on income & employment opportunities & wage level increase,and help to achieve a higher level of livelihood capital;Besides,the increase of financial capital is the most obvious,indicating that income has continued to increase after relocation,and the ability of farmers to borrow funds from private individuals,credit unions or state institutions has also been enhanced;Social capital has a small change,but it has also increased;but natural capital and human capital There have been declines of different magnitudes,indicating that the poor households’ housing,livestock,daily life,medical & educational and other conditions have been improved significantly after the relocation,but restrictions on the quality of arable land,returning farmland to forest policy,the low level of education,low initiative to get rid of poverty and poor health conditions hinder the realization of higher levels of livelihood capital.Therefore,in response to the livelihood problems faced by relocated farmers in Zigui and Jianshi counties,such as incomplete supporting infrastructure,lagging in demolition and restoration of green,singular employment channels,farmers’ initiative in poverty alleviation,and insufficient endogenous motivation,etc,The overall sustainable livelihood ability of relocated farmers is weak.This article proposes to consolidate the follow-up industrial development of resettlement sites,improve the service level of public infrastructure,optimize the allocation of land resources,stimulate the endogenous motivation of relocated farmers,improve the cultural service system construction of resettlement sites,and promote relocation policy system for poverty alleviation to transform,expecting to provide reference and help for the sustainable livelihood capital growth of relocated farmers in Zigui and Jianshi counties.