A Study On The Changes Of Livelihood Capital Of Rural Immigrants' Household In Gulang Gounty

As a special way of poverty alleviation,land-change poverty alleviation and relocation is one of the main ways to achieve precise poverty alleviation in the new period.Since 2011,Gulang County has carried out the project of poverty alleviation and relocation based on the poverty situation of the whole county.More than 60,000 poor people have been identified to relocate to 7 towns and 4 flower-arranging townships in arid mountainous areas of southern China.According to the actual situation of the relocation area,Gulang County takes the natural village as the unit of the whole one-time relocation,and in the process of poverty alleviation relocation,explores two kinds of resettlement modes,namely,the nearby centralized resettlement in the administrative village and the centralized resettlement in the construction of new immigrant villages.In the process of poverty alleviation and relocation project implementation,we should focus on housing construction,supporting infrastructure and public service facilities construction,industrial development,land consolidation and ecological restoration.Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework of the British International Development Agency,this paper investigates 300 households in three new immigrant villages of Huanghuatan Resettlement Site in Gulang County,Gansu Province,and then makes a brief descriptive analysis and summary of the changes of the livelihood capital of the relocated households.The results show that the material capital,financial capital and human capital of peasant households are obviously better than those before relocation,and the natural capital and social capital have declined to a certain extent.The specific changes are as follows:Before relocation,the social capital index of peasant households is the highest,which shows that social capital has a great impact on peasant households' production and life in rural social relations,and human customs often occupy a higher position in rural social interaction;natural capital index ranks second,indicating that the cultivated land resources before relocation are extremely important in peasant household life,and in the survey,it is found that the cultivated land resources of peasant households not only solve the problem of peasants.At the same time,some agricultural income can make up for household income;financial capital index ranks third,indicating that all kinds of economic income in the original residence of farmers and government credit services have a greater impact on household livelihood capital.The survey found that the level of household livelihood mostly depends on the amount of household income;human capital index ranks fourth,indicating relocation.The former peasant household's own labor capacity and health status play a more obvious role in maintaining their production and life,while the material capital index is the lowest,indicating that the fixed assets and production and living conditions of peasant households are poor before relocation.After the relocation,the material capital index is the highest,because the resettlement houses of farmers are new houses built by the government.At the same time,farmers have renovated the houses and acquired a certain number of fixed assets.In addition,water,electricity,education,medical and other public infrastructure facilities in the resettlement sites are well matched;financial capital index ranks second,and income channels of rural households are greatly increased after the relocation,even if the household can not go out to work perennially,they can also find jobs nearby.In addition,all kinds of poverty alleviation loans provided by the government are also increasing;the human capital index ranks third,compared with the pre-relocation farmers' human capital index has been improved to a certain extent,the main reason is that the opportunities for farmers to receive relevant skills training have increased greatly after relocation;the social capital index ranks fourth,compared with the social capital before relocation,there has been a significant decline,the main reason is that the social capital index ranks fourth.It is the resettlement of relocated peasant households by flower arrangement that results in the breakdown of their original social network and the weakening of their social capital.The natural capital index is the lowest,and there is a significant decline compared with before the relocation.The main reason is that the arable land allocated by the resettlement sites to peasant households is not only small in area,but also poor in quality.The most critical reason is the lack of water for agricultural irrigation.These factors together lead to peasant household Natural capital has declined.Generally speaking,the living capital of the relocated peasant households is better than that before the relocation,and the value of their living capital evaluation increased from 0.41 before the relocation to 0.47 after the relocation,which shows that it is meaningful and feasible to implement the poverty alleviation relocation project in Gulang County.However,the survey also found that the livelihoods of relocated peasant households are still facing many problems,mainly manifested in the serious shortage of water resources,the difficulty of using arable land resources,the reduction of livelihood resources,the high cost of relocation and resettlement,and the imperfection of infrastructure,which not only affects the improvement of the livelihood level of relocated peasant households,but also reduces the credibility of the poverty alleviation and relocation policy.Many problems faced by farmers' livelihoods in Huanghuatan relocation are put forward,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as multi-channel development and utilization of land resources,multi-measures to solve the problem of water shortage,multi-channel increase of farmers' household income,scientific cultivation and development of follow-up industries,hoping to provide reference and help for the sustainable development of farmers' livelihoods in Huanghuatan relocation in Gulang County.