Research On Biden Administration’s Science And Technology: Competition Strategy Against China From The Perspective Of Domestic Political Process

Scientific and technological innovation is becoming the main battlefield of great power game.The new scientific and technological revolution will reshape the economic competitiveness of all countries and the global competition pattern.At present,the competition for the commanding heights of science and technology is increasingly fierce,which is also the core of the Biden administration’s strategic competition with China.America’s China policy has always been a product of the logic of geopolitics and domestic politics.Against the background of polarization in the domestic political structure of the United States,the influence of domestic politics is rising rapidly.The competition between the US and China in the field of science and technology involves congress,the government and interest groups.The legislation of the Congress,the government’s ruling and the influence of interest groups together shape the competition strategy of American science and technology to China.Since Biden became president,science and technology development strategy has played an unprecedented role in U.S.national strategy.The US competition in science and technology to China has also become a consensus among the government,Congress and interest groups.The US Congress has actively participated in the China science and technology strategy at the legislative level.It has proposed and passed a number of science-related bills,including the Strategic Competition Act of 2021,the Endless Frontiers Act,and the American Competition Act of 2022,to support increased funding and policy preferences in science and technology,help the United States maintain its leading edge in the high-tech sector,and strengthen a strong check on China’s technological development momentum.Based on the principle of "attacking and defending simultaneously",the Biden government carried out scientific and technological competition with China,implemented the strategy of "small courtyard and high wall" in key technical fields,and took measures such as restructuring the leading team of scientific and technological work,increasing scientific research investment,adjusting the scientific research system,attracting global high-tech talents,and forming a democratic science and technology alliance with allies to carry out scientific and technological competition with China.High tech interest groups influence the formulation of science and technology policies towards China through political donations,controlling public opinion,participating in policy suggestions,lobbying parliamentarians and other means.Biden administration’s science and technology competition strategy against China is a combination of two games.On the one hand,the Government Council and the president have a relationship of pressure and checks and balances in science and technology strategy towards China.On the other hand,the Government Council and interest groups have the relationship of balancing interests and being proactive.In general,the trend of Sino-US competition is inevitable.The competition in science and technology is not only the epitome of Sino-US strategic competition,but also the most prominent problem between China and the US in the future.Under this situation,China’s science and technology field will face an international science and technology environment from "cooperation first,competition second" to "competition first,cooperation second",and China’s science and technology field will face the containment of the United States in technology,standards,trade and other aspects,as well as the constraints of the western science and technology alliance led by the United States.Therefore,China should adhere to independent innovation and build a targeted science and technology system.China can choose to set aside its antagonistic side with the US and promote bilateral dialogue around science and technology cooperation to find areas of cooperation.China should maintain an open and cooperative attitude towards the world and actively build a scientific and technological community.In the face of strong competition from the US,China needs to maintain strategic confidence,deploy scientific and calm countermeasures,overcome us containment and prevention of science and technology,and achieve a new leap in science and technology.