Analysis And Evaluation Of Physical Characteristics Of Cross Border Cross-country Skiers In China

Objective:cross-country skiing is an endurance sport.The physical ability of the athletes is the basis of the sport.It plays an important role in sports and recovery.In this study,a general physical structure model of cross border cross-country skiers in China was established based on the main indexes that affect the performance of cross-country skiers,and the physical level of cross-country skiers was evaluated and diagnosed,which can provide references for the formulation of training programs.Methods:Chinese cross border cross-country skiers were selected as subjects,including 10 male athletes and 7 female athletes.Inbody230 body composition measuring instrument,German portable cardiopulmonary function telemeter（Cortex）,cardiac ultrasonic instrument,muscle oxygen measuring instrument and so on were used to test subjects’anthropometry,physical function（aerobic capacity index,cardiopulmonary system index）,and physical fitness（endurance,strength,speed,sensitivity and coordination,etc.）.The grey correlation analysis was conducted between all the indicators and the recent cross-country skiing performance of a long distance,and the general model of physical fitness structure was constructed by screening the indicators.The percentile method,situation diagnosis and gap diagnosis were used to evaluate and diagnose the athletes’physical fitness level,and the advantages and disadvantages of athletes’physical fitness level were analyzed.Results:（1）the indexes with higher correlation degree and gray correlation degree withthe sports performance of cross border cross-country skiers in China are:a.anthropometry:length of lower limbs A/height×100（male0.9693/female0.8638）,weight（male 0.9639/female 0.9004）,height（male0.9629/female 0.8782）and lean weight（male 0.9556/female 0.9099）;b.physical function:VT（male 0.9827/female 0.9104）,VO₂max（male 0.9799/female 0.9011）,[Hb]（male 0.9872/female 0.8592）,CO（male 0.9429/female0.8562）,D_eff（male 0.9641/female 0.6868）,MVV（male 0.9566/female 0.9194）;c.physical fitness:400m running（male 0.8835）,pull-up（male 0.8423）,20m sprint（male 0.8223/female 0.9539）,hexagon jump（male 0.8019/female 0.8398）,3000m running（female 0.9004）,standing long jump（female 0.8543）.（2）through situation analysis,male athletes are in a dominant position in VT,[Hb],D_eff,lean weight,MVV,CO,weight,height and VO₂max;female athletes are in a dominant position in VO₂max,20m sprint,VT,MVV,lean weight,3000m,standing long jump,weight and height.（3）the maximum difference between male athletes and the target challenge model was anthropometry,physical function indexes,especially lower limb length and VO₂max.The biggest difference between the female athletes and the target challenge model was physical fitness,especially 20m sprint and MVV.Conclusions:（1）the main factors affecting athletic performance of cross-country skiers of different genders are different.Physical function is the most influential factor for male athletes,followed by anthropometry and physical fitness.There was no significant difference between female athletes and sports performance.（2）this study constructs a general physical structure model of cross border cross-country skiers in China.（3）in the overall analysis of the physical fitness level of male cross border cross-country skiers in China,the priority should be given to the development of aerobic capacity（especially the capacity of blood transport of oxygen）;female athletes for aerobic capacity,sprint ability.