Research On The Status Quo And Influencing Factors Of Overtime Work In China

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the level of China’s economic development has improved rapidly,accompanied by the hard work of our workers.Long-term and sustained overtime has become the norm of workers in various industries,and even the trend of overtime is becoming more and more intense in society.Based on the theory of labor supply and demand,this paper constructs the model of enterprise-employee choice of overtime to explain the emergence of overtime and the reasons for the spread of overtime in China.Based on the data of 2012,2014 and 2016 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey and the corresponding macro data,this paper conducts an empirical study to explore the influencing factors of the status quo of overtime in China.The results show that the overtime hours of laborers are affected by many factors.The higher the level of education and medical treatment,the shorter the overtime hours;The higher the level of advanced consumption and economic development in a region,the more difficult it is to find employment and the longer the working hours of workers.The personal characteristic effect of laborer plays a decisive role in the laborer’s working time.Gender,whether for migrant workers,whether for the state-owned enterprises,whether to have fixed work place,whether to participate in trade unions have a significant impact on overtime,more men than women work overtime,migrant workers to work overtime time is relatively long,less than the private enterprise,state-owned enterprise to work overtime time fixed overtime in the workplace than no fixed place of work,union power exists to significantly reduce the overtime of the workers.The income,engagement and age of workers have a positive and significant effect on the overtime hours of workers.The number of years of education,job autonomy,job complexity,job satisfaction,family income and the number of children in the family have a negative and significant effect on the overtime hours of workers.The influencing factors of overtime work are different among different genders,ages and hukou groups.Age,work professionalism measured by the number of certificates,and the number of children under the age of six in a household had a significant negative impact on women’s overtime hours.The influence of gender on the overtime hours of the elderly group is greater than that of the young group.The education level,work autonomy and the total number of families have a negative and significant influence on the overtime hours of the young group,while the engagement has a positive and significant influence on the young group.The number of children in a family has a negative and significant effect on the overtime hours of the elderly,but has no significant effect on the youth.Whether there is a fixed workplace has a positive and significant impact on the overtime hours of rural hukou population,while the number of labor unions and elderly people in families has a negative and significant impact on the overtime hours of rural hukou population.In order to solve the situation of overtime work,the government should accelerate the establishment and improvement of the vocational and technical system;Change the calculation method of statutory overtime pay,give full play to the lever adjustment function of overtime pay;Reform the trade union system and give full play to the role of trade unions in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers;We will accelerate the establishment and improvement of vocational and technical systems.