A Study On Policy Changes Of Balanced Development Of Compulsory Education In Chinese Counties Since Reform And Opening Up

Since the promulgation of the "Law of the People’s Republic of China on Compulsory Education" in 1986,the right to education of the Chinese people has been protected by law.The popularization of nine-year compulsory education once became the primary task of the party and the government’s education work;by 2005,the Ministry of Education issued the "About Several Opinions on Further Promoting the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education",balanced development has officially become the theme of the era of the development of compulsory education;in 2012,the State Council put forward the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education",and the balanced development of compulsory education has entered a stage of in-depth development;in 2019,the Communist Party of China The Central Committee and the State Council promulgated the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Compulsory Education and Teaching and Comprehensively Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education",marking the high-quality development stage of compulsory education from balanced development to quality and balanced development.The issuance of a series of "National level" policy documents with the content and purpose of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education is sufficient to demonstrate the importance of the balanced development of compulsory education.This research cuts from the perspective of the policy changes in the balanced development of compulsory education in counties in our country,using the literature method to consult and collect 95 policy documents on the balanced development of compulsory education in counties in our country,and then use text analysis to quantitatively analyze and analyze the content of the policy documents.Quantitative analysis includes the analysis of the annual distribution of policy documents,the distribution of policy document types,and the situation of the main body of the policy.The content analysis is carried out from two aspects:policy keyword analysis and policy element analysis.Finally,based on the results of the text analysis and the theory of institutional change as the analytical framework,it explores the evolution process,causes and methods of the policy changes of the balanced development of compulsory education in counties in my country.Based on the above background and research design,this article starts a study on the policy changes of the balanced development of compulsory education in counties in my country from three aspects: basic theory,policy text analysis and policy change analysis.One is the basic theoretical analysis.(1)Accurately grasp the connotations of balanced development of compulsory education,balanced development of compulsory education in counties,and high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education,and clarify related concepts such as education policies,education policies,and education laws;(2)Recognize the essence and the balance of policies for balanced development of compulsory education in counties Characteristic,it is a political measure of the state’s educational management,representing the will of the people,with authority,practicability,purpose feasibility and relativity;(3)The balanced development policy of compulsory education at the county level consists of fiscal policy,teacher policy,School-running and management policies,supervision and evaluation policies,and quality policies;(4)The theoretical basis for the study of policy changes in the balanced development of compulsory education at the county level is the system change theory of new institutional economics.The second is the analysis of the policy text.From the five dimensions of the annual distribution of policy documents,the distribution of policy document types,the main body of the policy document,the key word analysis of policy documents,and the analysis of policy elements,the interpretation of the policy of balanced development of compulsory education in counties in my country is carried out.The 95 policy documents collected by the author cover education laws,outlines,decisions,notices,plans,opinions,methods,regulations,rules,rules,as well as speeches,reports,and meetings.The main bodies of the documents include the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,the National People’s Congress,the State Council,The Ministry of Education,the General Office of the Ministry of Education,the Department of Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,the Ministry of Finance,etc.;policy keywords and policy elements are similar,and can be divided into 1978-from a vertical perspective.The three different stages of 1978-2001,2002-2012,2013-2016,and2017-2021,from a horizontal perspective,include eradication of illiteracy,universal compulsory education,balanced development of quality,priority to counties,two exemptions and one subsidy,balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education,and shrinking schools Gap,left-behind children,accompanying children,resource allocation,teacher team building,compulsory education quality,high-quality and balanced development,average student development,etc.The third is the analysis of policy changes.The historical process of the balanced development policy of compulsory education in counties in our country can be divided into four stages: "promoting two basics","promoting balance","basic equilibrium" and "high-quality balanced development".The reasons for policy changes are both policies.The demand for changes also comes from the supply of policy changes;after comparative analysis,it is determined that the policy changes for the balanced development of compulsory education in counties in my country are gradual,government-driven changes.Finally,the optimization ideas for the high-quality and balanced development of county-level compulsory education.The author tries to put forward the optimization ideas for the balanced development policy of compulsory education in counties from three aspects: key shift,key breakthrough,and key implementation.The shift of focus is from extensional development to connotative development,including four specific measures including building a team of high-quality professional and innovative teachers,adhering to the "five education" simultaneously,building characteristic schools,and optimizing teaching implementation.The key breakthrough is to strengthen the weaknesses and make up for the shortcomings,with the main content of strengthening the development of high-quality courses and improving the level of education informatization.Focus on the implementation of requirements to improve the supervision and evaluation system,implement the supervision and evaluation responsibilities,and promote construction and quality by evaluation.