Research On The Professionalization Of Domestic Workers In China

With the increasing demand for care resources and needs in China,the domestic service industry is presented as a hopeful industry.Under the dual promotion of national policy and market demand,the progress of marketization and socialization of domestic service has been significantly accelerated.With the efforts of various subjects of professionalization,domestic labor and organization of vulnerable groups and weak sectors,they are in the key stage of professional development.Attention and resources from all parties are still needed.This includes policy promotion and practice in social work field.This paper used participatory observation and interview method,took a domestic enterprise as an example,analyzed the current process of professionalization of domestic workers in China from external structure and internal system according to the classic framework of professional sociology.In terms of the external structure of professionalization,there were mainly double efforts from the government and enterprise.Among them,government behavior included preferential policies,government projects and professional certification standards,which provided market subsidies and protection for the domestic industry.The enterprise behavior included the promotion of consumers,to improve workers’ skills and sense of honor.The government behavior and enterprise behavior in the external structure of professionalization were the two main parts.The efforts made by them are actually in promoting the resources and identification of the domestic workers’ professionalization.In the internal system of professionalization,the training courses were mainly for domestic workers,which were divided into two types: the enterprise’s paid training and the government free training.In terms of enterprise paid training,a domestic enterprises independently established a training system and career development guidance mode,carried out skills training for domestic administrators and issued national general certificates.But in the emotional labor aspect still weak,although they already realized the importance of emotional labor,but there is no appropriate curriculum support.In the aspect of free training of government,through the activities of domestic enterprises,free training system before employment is provided for the domestic workers.The practice of the government project and enterprise project in the internal system of professionalization,mainly to promote the professional education and training system for domestic workers.So that the workers can learn the professional knowledge and skills.Generally speaking,the practice in the internal system of occupation has promoted the improvement of workers’ professional skills,increased employment opportunities,improved the quality of employment and promoted the process of professionalization of domestic industry.The practices of two main parts from the government and the enterprise in promoting the external structure and internal system of the professionalization of domestic industry,has achieved certain results and challenges.In terms of effectiveness,the domestic workers have been promoted by the government and enterprises,their income is gradually stable,their professional identity has been improved.In terms of challenges,the government lacks the unified professional certification standard,the lack of professional domestic management personnel,the contradiction mechanism between employee performance and the development of workers.Based on the above challenges,this paper also puts forward suggestions on improving policies,corporate social work and social work organization development from the perspective of social work specialty,in order to promote the further development of the domestic workers’ professionalization.