| The whole course multi-year training is the only way to cultivate high-level excellent athletes,and the multi-year training process of most excellent athletes has obvious age characteristics [1].From the beginning of training to becoming an Olympic athlete,the time required varies with gender and events.For this reason,this paper mainly uses the methods of literature,mathematical statistics,and takes the age of the top three swimmers in 2008-2017 Olympic Games and world championships as the research sample.By summarizing the age characteristics of the main stages in the training process of international high-level athletes for many years,the general international laws are concluded to provide reference value for the selection and training of our cou ntry.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the main stages of multi-year training of international high-level swimmers,the starting age of male and female swimmers in basic training stage is the same as that in special improvement stage,and the starting age of special improvement stage and the training period from basic training stage to special improvement stage are earlier and shorter for female swimmers than for male swimmers.(2)The age characteristics of international high-level swimmers in the main stages of their years of training vary according to their gender,distance and swimming style.In terms of gender,except for the initial training age,the age of female athletes i n other stages is lower than that of male athletes.In the aspect of distance,the age of middle and long distance is less than that of short distance.In terms of swimming style,except for the current world championships,the other stages showed the youngest age of medley and the oldest age of freestyle.(3)Gender,distance and swimming style affect the time from the beginning of training to the first world competition,and distance affects the time from the first world competition to the world competition.(4)The main time rule of international high-level swimmers is reflected in the age of excellent results of the first world competition and the age of the current event.The age of excellent results of the first world competition is negatively related to the ranking of the current event,that is,the possibility of the top three swimmers will decrease on the original basis every time the age of excellent results of the first world competition increases by one age.When the age of the current event is positively related to the ranking of the current event,that is to say,for every age segment increased in the current event,the possibility of the athletes getting the top three will increase on the original basis.Suggestions:(1)With the increase of age,the athletes should change from long distance to middle distance,middle distance to short distance.At the beginning of training,the four strokes should be balanced.(2)The technique of breaststroke is complex,the coordination and power generation of upper and lower limbs are different from other strokes,so it is necessary to start early training for its strong specificity,and it is not recommended to carry out transfer training.(3)Coaches or athletes should first consider the same stroke with different distances,and then choose the stroke with similar technical structure.(4)In the process of training for many years,coaches should control the age when the athletes get excellent results in the world competition for the first time and enter the best competitive stage,so as to get the best ranking.. |
