| Research purposes: Air pistol is an important branch of the Olympic shooting event,and the quality of shooting performance is closely related to the mental state of the athletes during the shooting period.However,previous studies tend to focus more on the mental state of high-level shooters during the preparation period,and the research on young athletes was relatively small.Therefore,in this study,the brain and heart activity characteristics of the adolescent air pistol athletes during the firing and aiming phase were simultaneously monitored in live ammunition shooting scenarios to investigate the characteristics of the brain and heart activation levels of the athletes during the firing and aiming phase.To further verify the brain-heart interaction relationship before firing,and to reveal the relationship mechanism between the brain-heart cooperative activation level and the athlete’s shooting performance,and it also preliminarily builds a relationship model of brain-heart collaboration to promote shooting performance,which provides theoretical and practical references for the scientific selection and training of adolescent air pistol athletes.Research methods: In this study,a total of 18 adolescent air pistol athletes were recruited from Chongqing Shooting Sports Technical School,and the athletes were required to complete 40 effective shots at their own pace in real shooting scenes.During the shooting process,the athletes’ brain and heart electrical activity levels and the corresponding shooting results during the preparation period are recorded simultaneously.The EEGLAB software and ECG viewer software were used to preprocess and divide EEG and ECG data respectively(the time window:-6s ～-4s,-4s～-2s,-2s～0s),and distinguish according to the results recorded on the electronic display success and failure performance(with the 10.0 ring as the limit).All statistical results use SPSS21.0 statistical software for final data processing and analysis,among them,the difference between the two different shooting performances is carried out by independent sample t-test,and the changes in the corresponding brain wave power value and ECG were respectively carried out two-way analysis of variance of 2(successful performance,failure performance)× 3(time window 3,time window 2,time window 1),post-comparison using paired sample t-test or one-way analysis of variance,and the Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship among brain electricity,electrocardiogram,and shooting performance.All statistical results were corrected by Greenhouse-Geisser method,and Bonferroni’s modified pairwise comparison method was used for subsequent analysis.The significance level of the statistical test was set to P <0.05.Research results: This study found that:(1)With the firing point approaches,in the successful performance of young air pistol athletes,the alpha wave power value of the left temporal lobe and right occipital lobe area shows an upward trend,and reaches a significant level at Time1,which there is no obvious change in the right temporal lobe and left occipital lobe.In the failure performance,only a significant increase in the alpha wave power value of the right occipital lobe area was observed,but it was lower than the success performance at Time1.At the same time,in the performance of success and failure,the alpha wave power value of the right occipital lobe area was significantly lower than that of the left occipital lobe area at Time1.(2)With the firing point approaches,in the successful performance of young athletes,the θ wave power value of the frontal lobe midline shows an upward trend,and reaches a significant level at Time1;In the failure performance,the θ wave power value of the midline of the frontal lobe exhibits an inverted U structure that first rises and then falls,and the peak appears at Time2.Meanwhile,during the whole shooting process,there was no obvious change in the θ waves of the left and right frontal areas during success or failure.(3)With the approach of the firing point,there is no significant change in the SMR wave power value of the right central area in the successful performance of the adolescent athletes.In the failure performance,the SMR wave power value in the right central area showed a downward trend and reached a significant level at Time1.And the SMR waves in the sensory action zone and the left central zone have no obvious changes in the performance of success and failure.(4)With the firing point approached,the heart rate of adolescent athletes showed a significant downward trend in successful performance,and reached the lowest level at Time1,there was no significant change in heart rate in failure performance.(5)As the firing point approaches,the RRI of adolescent athletes has shown a significant upward trend in their successful performance,and reached the highest level at Time1.In the failure performance,there is no obvious change in RRI.(6)Approaching the moment of firing,the brain-heart activation of young athletes in successful performance has a strong correlation,the activation level shows a synchronous downward trend,and the characteristics of brain-heart interaction were more obvious.In the failure performance,the brain-heart activation has a low correlation,the activation level was disordered,and the brain-heart interaction characteristics were relatively insignificant.Research conclusions: With the approach of the firing point,the adolescent air pistol athletes have a significant decline in the specific cerebral wave activation level in successful performance,that is,the brain activity presents a certain “economic”characteristic,and accompanied by the constant speed growth of RRI,and the rule of heart rate reduce.However,in failure performance,athletes’ brain and electrocardiography have different degrees of activation disorders.In addition,near the firing time,the athletes’ brain and heart have strong correlation in successful performance,and the brain-heart synergistic activation level was synchronized decreased trend.In failure performance,the correlation between brain and electrocardi was low,and the brain-heart synergistic activation level has varying degrees of disorders,indicating that the brain-heart synergistic activation level was closely related to shooting performance.The results suggest that the mental state and cognitive resource allocation before the adolescent air pistol athlete still need to make systematic adjustment and improvement. |
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