The Impact Of Public Education Expenditure On Intergenerational Income Mobility In China

Providing equality of opportunity is of great significance to social equity and justice,and education equity is the biggest equity of opportunity,Premier Li Keqiang said at the2021 China Development Forum annual meeting.As a powerful means to promote educational equity,public education expenditure plays an important role in social equity and justice.As an important measure of intergenerational equity,intergenerational mobility is of great significance to the realization of social equity.In 2011,intergenerational mobility was proposed as the governing goal of the UK.As an important part of intergenerational mobility,intergenerational income mobility has also attracted the attention of governments at all levels.Studies have shown that in the long run,public education spending,which can provide a certain level of public education,can change the development trend of income inequality.As a big country in education,China’s public education expenditure has always maintained a huge absolute scale.At the same time,from the observation of the social phenomenon in recent years,if the "poor family gives birth to rich children" can be directly reflected as the intergenerational mobility of social classes,then "poor family gives birth to rich children" has become a symbol of the solidification of social classes in China to some extent.Therefore,in order to study the role of public education expenditure in promoting intergenerational income equity in China,at first,this paper adopts the literature research method to sort out and summarize the domestic and foreign literatures on the impact of public education expenditure on intergenerational income mobility.Secondly,this paper adopts the quantitative research method,through the collection and sorting of relevant macro data during the past ten years,calculates the different index values to measure the public education expenditure and scale,through the analysis of the scale of public education expenditure and hierarchical distribution structure,points out its existing problems;Finally,using the empirical research method,using the CFPS2010 to 2018 household micro data,using OLS regression and quantile regression methods to measure the intergenerational income elasticity in China,and measuring the intergenerational income mobility in the children of different income levels.On this basis,by matching micro sample data with macro public education expenditure data,public education expenditure and the cross term of the logarithm of public education expenditure and father income are introduced into the model,and the influence of public education expenditure on intergenerational income elasticity is judged according to the sign and significance of the cross term coefficient estimated value.In this paper,we study the main conclusions are:(1)according to the international standard of fiscal budget expenditure statistical caliber,public spending on education in our country is relatively lack scale(less than 4%),regional imbalance and hierarchy distribution(2)according to the problems such as unreasonable CFPS microscopic data and the macro data matching of public education expenditure,discovered our country compulsory education public education expenditure of intergenerational income mobility has a significant role in promoting,the intergenerational income mobility for low-income children more significant role in promoting.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for China’s public education expenditure:(1)Incorporate the proportion of public education expenditure in GDP and fiscal expenditure into government performance evaluation(2)Increase financial support for public education expenditure in backward areas(3)Increase the proportion of compulsory education expenditure in public education expenditure distribution.