Research On The Pollution Characteristics And Prevention Countermeasures Of Air Pollutants In The Interior Decoration Of Civil Buildings

In order to improve the impact of indoor air pollution caused by room decoration activities on the health of constructors and to provide a scientific basis for the management of room decoration construction,the characteristics of air pollutants in indoor decoration of civil buildings,and the corresponding prevention and control measures have been investigated in this study.The indoor and outdoor air observation experiments were carried out in typical residential rooms in Qingdao.The indoor formaldehyde,indoor and outdoor PM_2.5and their chemical composition(water-soluble ions,OC,EC,inorganic elements)were measured at different stages of the decoration.A variety of statistical and analytical methods such as correlation analysis,I/O ratio,and non-carcinogenic/carcinogenic risk assessment model were used to analyze the experimental data and determine the indoor formaldehyde mass concentration,the indoor and outdoor PM_2.5mass concentration,the chemical composition characteristics and the impacts of the pollutants on human health in different stages of residential room decoration.Finally,the corresponding management countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.Based on the data obtained from the observation experiment,this study systematically analyzed the characteristics of indoor formaldehyde concentration changes in different stages of residential room decoration.It was found that decoration activities had a greater contribution to indoor formaldehyde pollution.Both of the indoor formaldehyde concentration and the human formaldehyde exposure potential dose value were the highest in the latex paint stage,and the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects were the highest at the same time;the indoor formaldehyde concentration in the sections where cabinets and wardrobes were used extensively also exceeded the"Indoor Air Quality Standards";twenty days after the completion of all renovation projects,the indoor formaldehyde concentration had dropped significantly,however,it was still five times that before renovation.The formaldehyde pollution caused by the decoration can result in great non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the human body;therefore,the indoor formaldehyde pollution caused by decoration should not be ignored.For indoor and outdoor PM_2.5,the mass concentration and chemical composition in different decoration stages were determined.It was found that the Ca²⁺concentration in indoor air PM_2.5increased significantly due to the mass production of cement dust and the use of ferroalloy drill bits during the hydropower reform phase,meanwhile,the percentages of Ca and Fe also increased.The extensive use of gypsum board in the ceiling stage lead the much higher percentage of SO₄^2-in PM_2.5.The mass concentration of indoor PM_2.5in the latex paint stage was the second highest only to that of the hydropower stage.The extensive use of latex paint in this stage resulted in the much higher concentration of element Ti in PM_2.5,and the indoor SOC concentration reached the peak during the renovation at this stage.Latex paint spraying could significantly promote the increase of SOC in PM_2.5in indoor air.Ventilation treatment was able to significantly reduce the contribution of decoration activities to the indoor PM_2.5.The non-carcinogenic health risk was the greatest in the hydropower stage,and the tiled stage led to a higher carcinogenic risk.In view of the main environmental problems that occurred in the above different decoration stages,combined with the actual environmental management and pollution control requirements,this study put forward the corresponding management countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of indoor decoration pollution.Firstly,the competent departments at all levels should strictly implement the division of responsibilities in the decoration and decoration industry to ensure the standard operation of the decoration and decoration industry.Secondly,offices at all levels should carry out their work in accordance with regulations and specifications,strengthen the supervision of the decoration and decoration material production and processing enterprises,strictly prohibit the production of materials that does not meet the relevant pollutant emission standards,so we can prevent pollution at the source of decoration materials.Thirdly,decoration personnel should strictly follow the relevant construction requirements and pollution prevention laws and regulations during the decoration process,and pay attention to the safety during the construction process.Fourthly,new assembly processes should be used as much as possible to reduce on-site decoration process operations,windows should be kept open for ventilation to reduce indoor pollutant concentrations.Lastly,it is recommended that science and technology,finance and other departments establish special funds to encourage the research and development of green,environmentally friendly,low-toxic,and low-cost decoration materials,and reward companies that have made major breakthroughs.