Research On Robust Operation And Coordination Strategy Of Supply Chain Under Carbon Emission Reduction Policy

With the climate warming problem growing,low-carbon economy and sustainable development are getting more and more worldwide attention.It has become an international consensus to reduce carbon emission.Among many carbon emission reduction policies,the carbon trading policy of benchmarking allocation has been approved and accepted for its strong flexibility and effectiveness of emission reduction incentives.On the other hand,due to fierce market competition and changeful consumer demand,it is difficult for supply chain companies to obtain all the information about market demand.Based on this,this paper,with a sustainable supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer as the study subject,combines robust optimization,game theory,probability theory,contract theory and numerical analysis,to systematically study the operation strategies and coordination optimizations of the supply chain with limited market demand information under the benchmarking allocation.The main contents are summarized as follows:Firstly,the research background and significance of this paper are introduced,and the current status of domestic and international research on cap-and-trade regulation,supply chain coordination and the distribution-free newsvendor model are analyzed and reviewed,as well as the main differences between the existing literature and this paper are indicated.Secondly,based on the market demand of unknown distribution,the emission reduction and ordering model of the two-echelon sustainable supply chain under the benchmarking allocation is constructed.On the one hand,the optimal operation strategies and related properties are analyzed by using the stackelberg game and robust optimization methods.On the other hand,through comparison and analysis of decentralized and centralized decisions,the revenue sharing contract,the markdown money contract,and the two-part tariff contract are designed to coordinate the supply chain.Furthermore,the necessary conditions for the supply chain to achieve perfect coordination and pareto improvement are derived.Numerical experiments analyze the effects of carbon and demand parameters on supply chain emission reduction operations and performance.The results show that the manufacturer as the leader is more stable in the face of system parameter changes under the two-part tariff contract.Thirdly,considering the positive impact of consumer low-carbon preference on market demand,this paper studies the operations and coordination of a two-echelon sustainable supply chain when the manufacturer invest in fixed-cost reduction technologies.On the one hand,under the carbon emission reduction policy,the newsvendor model with fully known demand distribution information and the distribution-free newsvendor model with limited demand distribution information are sequentially developed,the optimal decisions for the manufacturer and the retailer are solved.On the other hand,the coordination optimization strategies with the limited demand distribution information are analyzed,the optimal solutions of decision variables when the supply chain achieves perfect coordination and the range of coordination parameters when the supply chain achieves win-win situation are derived.In the end,theoretical results are verified and supplemented through numerical experiments and sensitivity analysis.With the robustness of robust decisions being tested by 1684 times of numerical calculation,the results show that the emission reduction investment efficiency has the most significant impact on the supply chain's economic performance and environmental performance.Finally,the main findings are summarized and future research is envisioned.