Research On Shi Wengzhong And Related Issues In The Ming Dynasty In Nanjing

This thesis is based on the study of stone status during Ming Dynasty in Nanjing.Through field investigation and documentary analysis,the paper discusses the use,shape,clothing culture and style link of stone status in Nanjing.In addition to the artistic value of the stone sculpture itself,the development and evolution of stone status and its radiation effects are both explained,and then the changes of the ritual system in the Ming Dynasty are discussed.At the same time,archaeological methods are used to provide a trace to date those tombs which have no owners or other scattered stone carvings.The whole paper is divided into six parts:The first part is Introduction,which clarifies the research significance of stone status during Ming Dynasty in Nanjing;the current research status of this subject in academic circles;the research purposes;the problems to be solved;the methods of thinking and the innovation points.The second part introduces in details the stone carvings before the Ming Dynasty tombs in Nanjing,especially the existing situation of stone status.According to the difference between the level of the tombs,stone status can be divided into four levels,emperor mausoleum's,nobility tombs' the general official tombs' and the unknown one's.At the same time,by the records of the Ming Dynasty costumes in the history books such as Code of Great Ming Dynasty(??????)and Ming History????),the normative description of the stone statues before the above-mentioned tombs is accurately described.The third part is the archaeological study of stone status during Ming Dynasty in Nanjing.First,painting the drafts of main stone status,and then divides them into some types according to the common characteristics.After that,discussing the corresponding hierarchical relationship between stone status and the tomb owners.All in all,the stone status is obviously degraded in number,height,shape,pattern,arrangement as the sequence from Emperor Mausoleum—nobility's tomb—official tomb.Even between the level,there are still differences.Based on the above-mentioned typology division,the Ming Dynasty Stone status can be divided into two phases,the early Ming and the mid-late Ming.The stone officers are focus on the tombs of emperor's and nobility's graves in early Ming.Except some no-owner tombs,the identity of the tomb owner and rank are clear.However,unlike officers,the official in the early Ming in Nanjing is less preserved and concentrated mainly in front of the emperor mausoleum and several nobility's tombs.In early Ming,the stone status system is in the grass-roots stage and process of continuous improvement.Therefore,the earlier the age,the greater the randomness of stone status.In the middle and late Ming,the front of the tomb in Nanjing is mostly placed the stone officials,and officers would be greatly reduced.In the mid-late Ming,the style of Stone status appeared to be simpler than that of the early Ming.Finally,three issues closely related to this part are discussed.First,from the order of stone status before Zhu Shang's tomb,it is estimated that the Ming Tomb's stone carving time is likely to be in the 28th year after Hung-Wu to early Yung-Le;then it is verified that the Boni king's level of funeral is just reserved for a nobility;the last discussion Wang Yiqi's tomb level beyond his official rank is caused by the trend of time.The fourth part is about the factor links of stone status' style in the Ming Dynasty.In general,the styling system of the Emperor's Mausoleum of Ming is directly inherited from the Tang and Song Dynasties,especially in the Northern Song Dynasty.The Ming tomb truly created the regime of the Ming emperor's mausoleum stone carving system.Since then,Ming Dynasty's Mausoleum has affected the Qing Dynasty.However,the style of general officers' stone status is mainly inherited from the Southern Song Dynasty and is referenced by the Qing Dynasty.The fifth part is the study of related issues.This part mainly contains two questions.First,explaining the reason why the style of the stone status before the tomb of Kang Maocai is different from those nobility tombs in early Ming Dynasty.Secondly,from the characteristics of the clothing,the time of Jishan stone status proposes to be middle and late Ming Dynasty,and even after Jiajing.The sixth part is the conclusion,which reviews the content and conclusions mentioned above and explains the remaining issues.